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Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US

 
emerald eye
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06/08/2014 11:07 AM

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Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital care in the US


[link to www.ismp.org]

There is a severe ongoing shortage of the most commonly used IV solution that has impacted medical care since February 2013 and it has not eased.

“Since mid-January, the nurses at the Coastal Cancer Center in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, have been spending several hours each week tracking down suppliers who can provide the intravenous (IV) solutions necessary for patients scheduled to receive chemotherapy. If they are unsuccessful, Vijay Paudel, MD, an oncologist at the facility, is faced with the onerous decision of which patients will get their treatments and who will have to wait.
“The bottom line is that patients end up not getting treatment,” Paudel said. “We are fortunate it hasn’t happened much, but once is too much.”


[link to jama.jamanetwork.com]

The shortage was initially explained as being related to increased demand, which was initially being blamed on the fairly mild influenza season of 2013. Well we are way past the influenza season, and the supplies have not eased. Where is it going??

“From the information provided by the manufacturers, increased demand is what has been driving this situation. The companies did report some delays in late 2013, but again, that was not anticipated to be a shortage situation by the manufacturers. What we are dealing with is an increase in demand complicated by a capacity issue, where the companies didn't have the ability to suddenly increase production. All of the companies are definitely working to get additional supplies out. Influenza is possibly one of those factors behind the demand, but there could be other triggers as well, such as increased hospital needs for other reasons.”

[link to www.medscape.com]


This doesn’t just affect chemotherapy, but many many aspects of patient care.

“A recent shortage of intravenous (IV) solutions, most acutely affecting normal saline solutions, has prompted concerns across the nation. This most recent incident adds to a growing list of products that have experienced shortages, including chemotherapeutic agents. The shortage of saline solutions has coincided with cold and flu season, a time of the year when demand for IV fluids typically increases. Additionally, saline solutions are critical in the treatment of the most vulnerable patients, including cancer, dialysis, surgical, septic, and other critically ill patients.”

It is not like anyone has built a serious number of new hospitals or clinics in 2013, the health care new construction graph in the middle of the page looks pretty flat.

“The Health Care market should be ramping for growth considering demographics, but the implementation of the Affordable Care Act presents too many unknowns so little growth is forecast for 2014. Health care projects will continue to reflect a shift toward ambulatory care, remote outpatient facilities, and medical office buildings.”

[link to www.fgould.com]

I know a lot of people on GLP follow things like this, and I didn’t see a thread posted about the ongoing shortage of IV supplies. This is real, we have been struggling with this issue for some time now and it doesn’t seem to be improving. I guess the question that I have been asking myself is where is all of this new demand for IV solutions coming from?

Normal Saline is a top choice for trauma and immediate resuscitation in fluid (blood) volume loss.

“The administration of intravenous fluids is one of the most common and universal interventions in medicine. Crystalloid solutions are the most frequently chosen, by far, with normal saline (NS) and lactated Ringer's (LR) both being frequent choices in the United States.”

[link to www.medscape.org]


The question that I have, since the US government is the biggest “prepper” in the United States, is: are they prepping for some sort of massive trauma by stockpiling critical resources, even to the point that US hospitals and clinics are now having a hard time finding what used to be commonly available products? We have seen previous shortages in common drugs such as morphine, and many other commonly used drugs.

“Paul Davis, the chief of a rural ambulance squad in southern Ohio, was down to his last vial of morphine earlier this fall when a woman with a broken leg needed a ride to the hospital.
The trip was 30 minutes, and the patient was in pain. But because of a nationwide shortage, his morphine supply had dwindled from four doses to just one, presenting Mr. Davis with a stark quandary. Should he treat the woman, who was clearly suffering? Or should he save it for a patient who might need it more?”


[link to www.nytimes.com]

[link to www.fda.gov]

Another drug in short supply right now is metronidazole.

[link to formularyjournal.modernmedicine.com]

Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating many serious infections including Clostridium difficile, intra-abdominal, and surgical infections.

Looking at the whole pattern in the past year or two, most of the shortages have involved drugs or products necessary for routine patient care, and especially care of the surgical or trauma patient. Draw your own conclusions I certainly have drawn mine.



Anyway, I am just throwing this out there for those of you who keep track of previously unusual happenings that are now becoming the “new normal”

Hugs to all of my friends at GLP. smile_kiss
We need to share what we know, we all have little pieces of the puzzle. I did search for a thread on this and could not find one, so if this has been previously posted, I apologize.

P.S. The shelf life of IV solution from most manufacturers is around 2 years. The IV shortage became obvious around February of 2013

[link to www.ecomm.baxter.com]

Last Edited by emerald eye on 06/08/2014 02:43 PM
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


The only way that anyone gets something for nothing, is that someone else has given up something for nothing.
emerald eye  (OP)
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User ID: 57762252
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06/08/2014 11:18 AM

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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
P.S.
All of the links come up OK for me, if you cannot access a link because of a log in situation, please let me know and I will try to find an alternative.
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


The only way that anyone gets something for nothing, is that someone else has given up something for nothing.
emerald eye  (OP)
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06/08/2014 12:20 PM

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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
Here are another couple of links showing the areas that the shortages impact :

[link to www.ashp.org]

[link to www.myfoxhouston.com]

There is a really good video on the second link. This problem was apparently precipitated by an "FDA inspection."

This is really a very serious problem in the US right now and most people are unaware of it.

Last Edited by emerald eye on 06/08/2014 12:27 PM
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


The only way that anyone gets something for nothing, is that someone else has given up something for nothing.
KipKat

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06/08/2014 12:24 PM

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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
They could use coconut water! No kidding!
:kkwapper:
emerald eye  (OP)
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06/08/2014 12:33 PM

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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
They could use coconut water! No kidding!
 Quoting: KipKat


You can use coconut water for oral hydration, and it is great. As for IV use, coconut water sterile if it still in the coconut, and could (in theory anyway) be used from the coconut if you can puncture it with sterile equipment and use sterile tubing. The readily available stuff to drink could not be used for and IV substitute. It is great stuff, and I got a chuckle from you ingenuity. It could cause a coconut shortage however, bricks
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


The only way that anyone gets something for nothing, is that someone else has given up something for nothing.
Epic Beard Guy

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06/09/2014 07:57 PM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
The gumment is buying it all up! They know something we don't. I think that is a sign that the end is near. If you don't have your preps together, you don't have much time. 5*
Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.
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emerald eye  (OP)
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06/10/2014 12:12 AM

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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
The gumment is buying it all up! They know something we don't. I think that is a sign that the end is near. If you don't have your preps together, you don't have much time. 5*
 Quoting: Epic Beard Guy


Yes, the government has "tampered" to create this problem, there is no other rational explanation. This was supposed to have gotten better months ago, and it has only gotten progressively worse. The question now is why?

Even if you don't think you will need surgery, a hospital, or even a clinic visit involving IV fluids, this could affect you because of the possible reasons behind it.


“A lot of variables came together to create this,” said Scott Crandall, director of medical supply contracts at Novation, a group buying organization in Texas that manages contracts for SF General and 2,000 other hospitals across the country. He’s been hearing from manufacturers that increased FDA scrutiny is interfering with drug production."

“I called up a clinical person that I knew, at like 11:30 at night and said, ‘Well, what happens if we run out of saline?’ Because I was really afraid,” he remembers. “And they were just like, ‘Yeah, it gets ugly, fast.’”


[link to blogs.kqed.org]

Unlike a lot of GLP fantasy threads (some of which I really enjoy), this is real information from the real world. Heads up people!hf
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


The only way that anyone gets something for nothing, is that someone else has given up something for nothing.
BunnySwanson

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06/10/2014 12:38 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
General anesthesia is also in short supply at hospital I am working for.
Had a dream long ago which showed me the future and it was not pretty. Been watching closely ever since.
emerald eye  (OP)
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06/10/2014 12:40 AM

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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
Thanks for the pin!hfhfhf

For anyone who wants the 60 second version of this story watch the video on this page:

[link to www.myfoxhouston.com]


Sorry I don't know how to embed it, but maybe someone else does.
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


The only way that anyone gets something for nothing, is that someone else has given up something for nothing.
emerald eye  (OP)
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06/10/2014 12:41 AM

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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
General anesthesia is also in short supply at hospital I am working for.
 Quoting: BunnySwanson


There are so many commonly used drugs and products in short supply right now that it is downright scary. Hospitals, clinics, and paramedics all seem to be scrambling just to get basic supplies.
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


The only way that anyone gets something for nothing, is that someone else has given up something for nothing.
Sungaze_At_Dawn

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06/10/2014 12:42 AM

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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
They're doing this on purpose and because its everyone's families really stand up and get mad and phone them until they get it.
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Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 12:45 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital care in the US


[link to www.ismp.org]

There is a severe ongoing shortage of the most commonly used IV solution that has impacted medical care since February 2013 and it has not eased.

“Since mid-January, the nurses at the Coastal Cancer Center in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, have been spending several hours each week tracking down suppliers who can provide the intravenous (IV) solutions necessary for patients scheduled to receive chemotherapy. If they are unsuccessful, Vijay Paudel, MD, an oncologist at the facility, is faced with the onerous decision of which patients will get their treatments and who will have to wait.
“The bottom line is that patients end up not getting treatment,” Paudel said. “We are fortunate it hasn’t happened much, but once is too much.”


[link to jama.jamanetwork.com]

The shortage was initially explained as being related to increased demand, which was initially being blamed on the fairly mild influenza season of 2013. Well we are way past the influenza season, and the supplies have not eased. Where is it going??

“From the information provided by the manufacturers, increased demand is what has been driving this situation. The companies did report some delays in late 2013, but again, that was not anticipated to be a shortage situation by the manufacturers. What we are dealing with is an increase in demand complicated by a capacity issue, where the companies didn't have the ability to suddenly increase production. All of the companies are definitely working to get additional supplies out. Influenza is possibly one of those factors behind the demand, but there could be other triggers as well, such as increased hospital needs for other reasons.”

[link to www.medscape.com]


This doesn’t just affect chemotherapy, but many many aspects of patient care.

“A recent shortage of intravenous (IV) solutions, most acutely affecting normal saline solutions, has prompted concerns across the nation. This most recent incident adds to a growing list of products that have experienced shortages, including chemotherapeutic agents. The shortage of saline solutions has coincided with cold and flu season, a time of the year when demand for IV fluids typically increases. Additionally, saline solutions are critical in the treatment of the most vulnerable patients, including cancer, dialysis, surgical, septic, and other critically ill patients.”

It is not like anyone has built a serious number of new hospitals or clinics in 2013, the health care new construction graph in the middle of the page looks pretty flat.

“The Health Care market should be ramping for growth considering demographics, but the implementation of the Affordable Care Act presents too many unknowns so little growth is forecast for 2014. Health care projects will continue to reflect a shift toward ambulatory care, remote outpatient facilities, and medical office buildings.”

[link to www.fgould.com]

I know a lot of people on GLP follow things like this, and I didn’t see a thread posted about the ongoing shortage of IV supplies. This is real, we have been struggling with this issue for some time now and it doesn’t seem to be improving. I guess the question that I have been asking myself is where is all of this new demand for IV solutions coming from?

Normal Saline is a top choice for trauma and immediate resuscitation in fluid (blood) volume loss.

“The administration of intravenous fluids is one of the most common and universal interventions in medicine. Crystalloid solutions are the most frequently chosen, by far, with normal saline (NS) and lactated Ringer's (LR) both being frequent choices in the United States.”

[link to www.medscape.org]


The question that I have, since the US government is the biggest “prepper” in the United States, is: are they prepping for some sort of massive trauma by stockpiling critical resources, even to the point that US hospitals and clinics are now having a hard time finding what used to be commonly available products? We have seen previous shortages in common drugs such as morphine, and many other commonly used drugs.

“Paul Davis, the chief of a rural ambulance squad in southern Ohio, was down to his last vial of morphine earlier this fall when a woman with a broken leg needed a ride to the hospital.
The trip was 30 minutes, and the patient was in pain. But because of a nationwide shortage, his morphine supply had dwindled from four doses to just one, presenting Mr. Davis with a stark quandary. Should he treat the woman, who was clearly suffering? Or should he save it for a patient who might need it more?”


[link to www.nytimes.com]

[link to www.fda.gov]

Another drug in short supply right now is metronidazole.

[link to formularyjournal.modernmedicine.com]

Metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating many serious infections including Clostridium difficile, intra-abdominal, and surgical infections.

Looking at the whole pattern in the past year or two, most of the shortages have involved drugs or products necessary for routine patient care, and especially care of the surgical or trauma patient. Draw your own conclusions I certainly have drawn mine.



Anyway, I am just throwing this out there for those of you who keep track of previously unusual happenings that are now becoming the “new normal”

Hugs to all of my friends at GLP. smile_kiss
We need to share what we know, we all have little pieces of the puzzle. I did search for a thread on this and could not find one, so if this has been previously posted, I apologize.

P.S. The shelf life of IV solution from most manufacturers is around 2 years. The IV shortage became obvious around February of 2013

[link to www.ecomm.baxter.com]
 Quoting: emerald eye

LEGIO IVhf
emerald eye  (OP)
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06/10/2014 12:46 AM

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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
They're doing this on purpose and because its everyone's families really stand up and get mad and phone them until they get it.
 Quoting: Sungaze_At_Dawn


There is simply none to be had. We have borrowed and begged, they won't even ship to clinics, and many hospitals are in really short supply. The supply was supposed to be better by now, and now they are saying it will extend into July with no real explanation and no promises.
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


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Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 12:58 AM
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They need to pull some of the millions of bags of it out of the government bunkers and put it back into circulation...we useless eaters are not dead yet...
I'mpossible

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06/10/2014 12:58 AM

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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
Similar shortages on the veterinarian side, too. Ringers Lactate, especially. Makes it difficult for large animal (equine, bovine, etc.) practices to schedule surgeries and handle emergencies.

Excellent thread! I didn't think about it crossing over to human medicine, quite honestly. There are ebbs and flows in production vs consumption. It's beginning to sound as if there's a kink in the production pipeline and a snarl in the consumption pool.

My heart goes out to EMT and Triage personnel who have to make decisions on care solely based upon supplies.
Apocalypse: All shall be revealed. And all shall be revealed.
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emerald eye  (OP)
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06/10/2014 01:12 AM

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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
The various reasons given for the shortage have been:

1. Flu season (long gone)
2. Increased demand (by who or what?)
3. FDA inspections (??)
4. FDA shutting down all three US manufactures at once due to contamination issues (???)
5. Aliens took all of it. (Just kidding, they haven't proposed that one yet!)


The bottom line: drink more water and stay hydrated this summer, and hope that you or a loved one doesn't need surgery, an ER visit or an ambulance. If you have pets keep them well hydrated as well as it sounds like vet supplies are also low. Normal saline is in the shortest supply, but as that dwindles, ringers lactate and other fluids being used to fill the gaps are also becoming in shorter supply.

"According to Scott Crandall, senior director of surgical and anesthesia sourcing operations at Novation, a healthcare supply chain, analytics and contracting company, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been attempting to ensure that adequate amounts of IV saline are reaching hospitals, including allowing the import of supplies from Norway and Spain. However, he doesn't see an immediate end in sight to the shortage. Crandall said the problem may not be resolved until the end of 2014 or beginning of 2015."

[link to www.healthcarefinancenews.com]

[link to www.jems.com]

Last Edited by emerald eye on 06/10/2014 01:14 AM
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


The only way that anyone gets something for nothing, is that someone else has given up something for nothing.
Anonymous Coward
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Canada
06/10/2014 04:10 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
shortage of salt and water?
Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 04:17 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
shortage of salt and water?
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 58939043


vodka5
Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 04:23 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
Yeah, this is not good.

We're seeing shortages in very fundamental areas. Areas that address the needs of war.


Not good.
emerald eye  (OP)
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06/10/2014 09:39 AM

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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
Yeah, this is not good.

We're seeing shortages in very fundamental areas. Areas that address the needs of war.


Not good.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 58914878

Yes, you are quite correct. A competent pharmacist or chemist can compound the salt and water mixture, but nobody has done that for many years, and it would take a while to get up to speed on it. They used to hang glass bottles of the stuff in IV’s, as glass is easy to sterilize, but these are inconvenient for patient care and can break, producing dangerous glass shards. Now we have sterile plastic bags that are quite strong and usually don’t leak or break. We don’t have easy access the materials to make the large quantities required by most hospitals in house. You would need to pressure boil the water to sterile it from some pathogens, simple boiling would not be enough for IV use.

Here is the recipe:
“The solution is 9 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved on water, to a total volume of 1000 ml. As 1 grams NaCl occupies 0.18 level teaspoons, 9 grams NaCl is 1.62 level teaspoons. The mass of 1 millilitre of normal saline is 1.0046 gram at 22 °C.[2][3] The molecular weight of sodium chloride is approximately 58.5 grams per mole, so 58.5 grams of sodium chloride equals 1 mole. Since normal saline contains 9 grams of NaCl, the concentration is 9 grams per liter divided by 58.5 grams per mole, or 0.154 mole per liter. Since NaCl dissociates into two ions – sodium and chloride – 1 molar NaCl is 2 osmolar. Thus, NS contains 154 mEq/L of Na+ and Cl−. It has a slightly higher degree of osmolarity (i.e. more solute per litre) than blood (However, if you take into account the osmotic coefficient, a correction for non-ideal solutions, then the saline solution is much closer to isotonic. Osmotic coefficient of NaCl is about 0.93; therefore 0.154 × 1000 × 2 × .93 = 286.44) Nonetheless, the osmolarity of normal saline is a close approximation to the osmolarity of NaCl in blood.”

[link to en.wikipedia.org]

The shortage speaks to supplies being diverted for anticipated mass casualty events, (war, martial law, civil unrest with riots and injury, many people infected with something) within two years of the beginning of the shortage in Dec 2012 to January 2013. Now the predictions are that the shortage will continue until 2015. Are 2014-2015 the pivotal years for something that is being anticipated?

That is why I wanted to get this information out to GLP. I have learned so much from all of you, I always feel honored to share what I know with GLP.hf

Last Edited by emerald eye on 06/10/2014 10:02 AM
Courage forges a path through all obstacles,
while fear is the obstruction of all dreams.


The only way that anyone gets something for nothing, is that someone else has given up something for nothing.
Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 09:42 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
all of the people complaining
about not having work
should jump on this story
Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 09:43 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
more people must be in coma's and needing iv's constantly for months or years
they could be in suspended sleep
to keep them alive
until a cure can be found
Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 09:55 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
Yeah, this is not good.

We're seeing shortages in very fundamental areas. Areas that address the needs of war.


Not good.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 58914878

Yes, you are quite correct. A competent pharmacist or chemist can compound the salt and water mixture, but nobody has done that for many years, and it would take a while to get up to speed on it. They used to hang glass bottles of the stuff in IV’s, as glass is easy to sterilize, but these are inconvenient for patient care and can break, producing dangerous glass shards. Now we have sterile plastic bags that are quite strong and usually don’t leak or break. We don’t have easy access the materials to make the large quantities required by most hospitals in house. You would need to pressure boil the water to sterile it from some pathogens, simple boiling would not be enough for IV use.

Here is the recipe:
“The solution is 9 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved on water, to a total volume of 1000 ml. As 1 grams NaCl occupies 0.18 level teaspoons, 9 grams NaCl is 1.62 level teaspoons. The mass of 1 millilitre of normal saline is 1.0046 gram at 22 °C.[2][3] The molecular weight of sodium chloride is approximately 58.5 grams per mole, so 58.5 grams of sodium chloride equals 1 mole. Since normal saline contains 9 grams of NaCl, the concentration is 9 grams per liter divided by 58.5 grams per mole, or 0.154 mole per liter. Since NaCl dissociates into two ions – sodium and chloride – 1 molar NaCl is 2 osmolar. Thus, NS contains 154 mEq/L of Na+ and Cl−. It has a slightly higher degree of osmolarity (i.e. more solute per litre) than blood (However, if you take into account the osmotic coefficient, a correction for non-ideal solutions, then the saline solution is much closer to isotonic. Osmotic coefficient of NaCl is about 0.93; therefore 0.154 × 1000 × 2 × .93 = 286.44) Nonetheless, the osmolarity of normal saline is a close approximation to the osmolarity of NaCl in blood.”

[link to en.wikipedia.org]

The shortage speaks to supplies being diverted for anticipated mass casualty events, (war, martial law, civil unrest with riots and injury) within two years of the beginning of the shortage in Dec 2012 to January 2013. Now the predictions are that the shortage will continue until 2015. Are 2014-2015 the pivotal years for something that is being anticipated?

That is why I wanted to get this information out to GLP. I have learned so much from all of you, I always feel honored to share what I know with GLP.hf
 Quoting: emerald eye


Are you a medical worker - OP?
Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 09:56 AM
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bsflag
Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 10:01 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
There are always drug shortages or one sort or another. They are tracked here:

[link to www.fda.gov]
emerald eye  (OP)
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06/10/2014 10:05 AM

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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
Yeah, this is not good.

We're seeing shortages in very fundamental areas. Areas that address the needs of war.


Not good.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 58914878

Yes, you are quite correct. A competent pharmacist or chemist can compound the salt and water mixture, but nobody has done that for many years, and it would take a while to get up to speed on it. They used to hang glass bottles of the stuff in IV’s, as glass is easy to sterilize, but these are inconvenient for patient care and can break, producing dangerous glass shards. Now we have sterile plastic bags that are quite strong and usually don’t leak or break. We don’t have easy access the materials to make the large quantities required by most hospitals in house. You would need to pressure boil the water to sterile it from some pathogens, simple boiling would not be enough for IV use.

Here is the recipe:
“The solution is 9 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved on water, to a total volume of 1000 ml. As 1 grams NaCl occupies 0.18 level teaspoons, 9 grams NaCl is 1.62 level teaspoons. The mass of 1 millilitre of normal saline is 1.0046 gram at 22 °C.[2][3] The molecular weight of sodium chloride is approximately 58.5 grams per mole, so 58.5 grams of sodium chloride equals 1 mole. Since normal saline contains 9 grams of NaCl, the concentration is 9 grams per liter divided by 58.5 grams per mole, or 0.154 mole per liter. Since NaCl dissociates into two ions – sodium and chloride – 1 molar NaCl is 2 osmolar. Thus, NS contains 154 mEq/L of Na+ and Cl−. It has a slightly higher degree of osmolarity (i.e. more solute per litre) than blood (However, if you take into account the osmotic coefficient, a correction for non-ideal solutions, then the saline solution is much closer to isotonic. Osmotic coefficient of NaCl is about 0.93; therefore 0.154 × 1000 × 2 × .93 = 286.44) Nonetheless, the osmolarity of normal saline is a close approximation to the osmolarity of NaCl in blood.”

[link to en.wikipedia.org]

The shortage speaks to supplies being diverted for anticipated mass casualty events, (war, martial law, civil unrest with riots and injury) within two years of the beginning of the shortage in Dec 2012 to January 2013. Now the predictions are that the shortage will continue until 2015. Are 2014-2015 the pivotal years for something that is being anticipated?

That is why I wanted to get this information out to GLP. I have learned so much from all of you, I always feel honored to share what I know with GLP.hf
 Quoting: emerald eye


Are you a medical worker - OP?
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 49015177


Yes, and while I can tell you that many items are in short supply and have been for the past 2-3 years, this has a wider impact, so it is somewhat different. Shortages in medical supplies have become the "new normal".

Last Edited by emerald eye on 06/10/2014 10:05 AM
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Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 10:06 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
So what theyre saying is they cant get plastic bags, water and salt?

They're trying to kill you if thats the case.
A liter of this costs about 15 dollars, they charge 150 dollars and they say there isnt enough?

Theyre trying to kill you. Thats all
Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 10:07 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
So what theyre saying is they cant get plastic bags, water and salt?

They're trying to kill you if thats the case.
A liter of this costs about 15 dollars, they charge 150 dollars and they say there isnt enough?

Theyre trying to kill you. Thats all
Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 10:09 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
Excellent thread!!
Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 10:10 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
Yeah, this is not good.

We're seeing shortages in very fundamental areas. Areas that address the needs of war.


Not good.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 58914878

Yes, you are quite correct. A competent pharmacist or chemist can compound the salt and water mixture, but nobody has done that for many years, and it would take a while to get up to speed on it. They used to hang glass bottles of the stuff in IV’s, as glass is easy to sterilize, but these are inconvenient for patient care and can break, producing dangerous glass shards. Now we have sterile plastic bags that are quite strong and usually don’t leak or break. We don’t have easy access the materials to make the large quantities required by most hospitals in house. You would need to pressure boil the water to sterile it from some pathogens, simple boiling would not be enough for IV use.

Here is the recipe:
“The solution is 9 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved on water, to a total volume of 1000 ml. As 1 grams NaCl occupies 0.18 level teaspoons, 9 grams NaCl is 1.62 level teaspoons. The mass of 1 millilitre of normal saline is 1.0046 gram at 22 °C.[2][3] The molecular weight of sodium chloride is approximately 58.5 grams per mole, so 58.5 grams of sodium chloride equals 1 mole. Since normal saline contains 9 grams of NaCl, the concentration is 9 grams per liter divided by 58.5 grams per mole, or 0.154 mole per liter. Since NaCl dissociates into two ions – sodium and chloride – 1 molar NaCl is 2 osmolar. Thus, NS contains 154 mEq/L of Na+ and Cl−. It has a slightly higher degree of osmolarity (i.e. more solute per litre) than blood (However, if you take into account the osmotic coefficient, a correction for non-ideal solutions, then the saline solution is much closer to isotonic. Osmotic coefficient of NaCl is about 0.93; therefore 0.154 × 1000 × 2 × .93 = 286.44) Nonetheless, the osmolarity of normal saline is a close approximation to the osmolarity of NaCl in blood.”

[link to en.wikipedia.org]

The shortage speaks to supplies being diverted for anticipated mass casualty events, (war, martial law, civil unrest with riots and injury) within two years of the beginning of the shortage in Dec 2012 to January 2013. Now the predictions are that the shortage will continue until 2015. Are 2014-2015 the pivotal years for something that is being anticipated?

That is why I wanted to get this information out to GLP. I have learned so much from all of you, I always feel honored to share what I know with GLP.hf
 Quoting: emerald eye


Are you a medical worker - OP?
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 49015177


Yes, and while I can tell you that many items are in short supply and have been for the past 2-3 years, this has a wider impact, so it is somewhat different. Shortages in medical supplies have become the "new normal".
 Quoting: emerald eye


Do you work in a hospital - OP?
Anonymous Coward
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06/10/2014 10:12 AM
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Re: Severe IV fluid shortage threatens hospital and health care in the US
Similar shortages on the veterinarian side, too. Ringers Lactate, especially. Makes it difficult for large animal (equine, bovine, etc.) practices to schedule surgeries and handle emergencies.

Excellent thread! I didn't think about it crossing over to human medicine, quite honestly. There are ebbs and flows in production vs consumption. It's beginning to sound as if there's a kink in the production pipeline and a snarl in the consumption pool.

My heart goes out to EMT and Triage personnel who have to make decisions on care solely based upon supplies.
 Quoting: I'mpossible


Yep, I didn't think of it crossing over to the vet side until I ead about all the vet meds affecte, Deramax, interceptor, etc. Can't figure it. We have all speculated monetary to raise prices, but some of these products are not coming back. Sabotage? You have to dig for it, but the IV Heparin was in the end a bio terror deal, there was a state dept memo put out on it way back. I just happened to read it, no announcement was made, it was just stuck on a bulletin board.





GLP