NASA patents. | |
Cosmic Serpent 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | United States Patent 6,195,184 Chao , et al. February 27, 2001 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- High-resolution large-field-of-view three-dimensional hologram display system and method thereof Abstract A real-time, dynamic, free space-virtual reality, 3-D image display system which is enabled by using a unique form of Aerogel as the primary display media. A preferred embodiment of this system comprises a 3-D mosaic topographic map which is displayed by fusing four projected hologram images. In this embodiment, 4 holographic images are projected from 4 separate holograms. Each holographic image subtends a quadrant of the 4.pi. solid angle. By fusing these four holographic images, a static 3-D image such as a featured terrain map would be visible for 360 degrees in the horizontal plane and 180 degrees in the vertical plane. An input, either acquired by 3-D image sensor or generated by computer animation, is first converted into a 2-D computer generated hologram (CGH). This CGH is then downloaded into large liquid crystal (LC) panel. A laser projector illuminates the CGH-filled LC panel and generates and displays a real 3-D image in the Aerogel matrix. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Inventors: Chao; Tien-Hsin (Valencia, CA); Mintz; Frederick W. (Canoga Park, CA); Tsou; Peter (La Canada, CA); Bryant; Nevin A. (La Canada, CA) Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Administrator of the (Washington, DC) Appl. No.: 336542 Filed: June 19, 1999 *snip* STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION By implementing the present invention, viewers would no longer be restricted to direct line-of-sight, hologram plate reflections, but would be able to view a projected 3-D hologram from any position in a room. In essence, a 3-D scene appears in free space, virtual reality. Further, images could be constructed from relatively static data (i.e., terrain features) with a dynamic data overlay (i.e. vehicle locations and unit movements). A key application of this 3-D display technology in support of Battlespace Visualization, is its potential to accurately portray threat envelopes from enemy radars or other observing systems. Presently, radar threat and line-of-sight models identify areas that are illuminated or shadowed by terrain, but only for the 2-D case (i.e. height of the observer and potential target is fixed). A 3-D rendition will more fully portray the real impact of terrain shadowing upon multiple search fans, thereby revealing potential areas of undetected movement. For friendly forces, the 3-D display will provide a comprehensive collection management and asset management tool that assures complete, or the most effective coverage, in regions of moderate or high relief. This invention is implemented by the use of a pure form of silica Aerogel as the display medium for 3-D holograms. This innovative display technique may lead to a number of new military and commercial applications. The present invention comprises a real-time, dynamic, free space-virtual reality, 3-D image display system which is enabled by using a unique form of Aerogel as the primary display media. A preferred embodiment of this system comprises a 3-D mosaic topographic map which is displayed by fusing four projected hologram images. In this embodiment, 4 holographic images are projected from 4 separate holograms. Each holographic image subtends a quadrant of the 4.pi. solid angle. By fusing these four holographic images, a static 3-D image such as a featured terrain map would be visible for 360 degrees in the horizontal plane and 180 degrees in the vertical plane. |
Cosmic Serpent 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Cosmic Serpent 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Who cares? If you don´t, don´t bother posting, it´s simple. There is basically a "UFO" craft patented by NASA utilising one of their MANY forms of alternative propulsion systems. They have DNA/gene research and patents for both animals and plants(I thought NASA was a space faring organisation?) But that´s nothing compared to the patents and military have. |
Anonymous Coward 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Abstract A computer program product, apparatus, and method for use in determining the position of a user terminal includes receiving at the user terminal a digital television (DTV) broadcast signal transmitted by a DTV transmitter; tracking a periodic component of the DTV signal using a delay-lock loop (DLL), including selecting an observation interval based on the timing of the periodic component, and turning on a portion of the DLL during the observation interval, and turning the portion off otherwise; and determining a pseudo-range between the user terminal and the DTV transmitter based on the DTV broadcast signal; and wherein the position of the user terminal is determined based on the pseudo-range and a location of the DTV transmitter. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Inventors: Rabinowitz; Matthew (Portola Valley, CA); Spilker, Jr.; James J. (Woodside, CA) Assignee: Rosum Corporation (Redwood City, CA) Appl. No.: 209578 Filed: July 31, 2002 BACKGROUND The present invention relates generally to position determination, and particularly to position determination using DTV signals. There have long been methods of two-dimensional latitude/longitude position location systems using radio signals. In wide usage have been terrestrial systems such as Loran C and Omega, and a satellite-based system known as Transit. Another satellite-based system enjoying increased popularity is the Global Positioning System (GPS). Initially devised in 1974, GPS is widely used for position location, navigation, survey, and time transfer. The GPS system is based on a constellation of 24 on-orbit satellites in sub-synchronous 12 hour orbits. Each satellite carries a precision clock and transmits a pseudo-noise signal, which can be precisely tracked to determine pseudo-range. By tracking 4 or more satellites, one can determine precise position in three dimensions in real time, world-wide. More details are provided in B. W. Parkinson and J. J. Spilker, Jr., Global Positioning System-Theory and Applications, Volumes I and II, AIAA, Washington, D.C. 1996. GPS has revolutionized the technology of navigation and position location. However in some situations, GPS is less effective. Because the GPS signals are transmitted at relatively low power levels (less than 100 watts) and over great distances, the received signal strength is relatively weak (on the order of -160 dBw as received by an omni-directional antenna). Thus the signal is marginally useful or not useful at all in the presence of blockage or inside a building. There has even been a proposed system using conventional analog National Television System Committee (NTSC) television signals to determine position. This proposal is found in a U.S. Patent entitled "Location Determination System And Method Using Television Broadcast Signals," U.S. Pat. No. 5,510,801, issued Apr. 23, 1996. However, the analog TV signal described contains horizontal and vertical synchronization pulses intended only for relatively crude synchronization of the TV set sweep circuitry, and not suitable for precise positioning. Further, in 2006 the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) will consider turning off NTSC transmitters and reassigning that valuable spectrum so that it can be auctioned for other purposes deemed more valuable. The above disclosures describe the use of the new American Television Standards Committee (ATSC) digital television (DTV) signals for position location. When these techniques are used to determine the position of a handheld unit such as a cellular telephone, the efficient use of the limited power supply of the handheld unit is important. |
Anonymous Coward 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Cosmic Serpent 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Somehow I don´t see why the goverment/NASA/military would spend money, time and effort on something that doesn´t work. If one was to patent a technology in the first place one would have to have knowledge of such technology to begin with. Can´t patent something that doesn´t exist. Now I don´t see why we haven´t heard of most of these technologies, which would be beneficial to all of humankind. Have you read the space act? I doubt it, so here´s a little snippet. Sec. 101. This Act may be cited as the “National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958”. DECLARATION OF POLICY AND PURPOSE Sec. 102. (a) The Congress hereby declares that it is the policy of the United States that activities in space should be devoted to peaceful purposes for the benefit of all mankind. (e) The Congress declares that the general welfare of the United States requires that the unique competence in scientific and engineering systems of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration also be directed toward ground propulsion systems research and development. Such development shall be conducted so as to contribute to the objectives of developing energy- and petroleum-conserving ground propulsion systems, and of minimizing the environmental degradation caused by such systems. They HAVE other propulsion systems and have had patents for many in the past years, yet I have seen barely any effort, publically, to use other propulsions sytems. More from the space act. (3) to acquire (by purchase, lease, condemnation, or otherwise), construct, improve, repair, operate, and maintain laboratories, research and testing sites and facilities, aeronautical and space vehicles, quarters and related accommodations for employees and dependents of employees of the Administration, and such other real and personal property (including patents), or any interest therein, as the Administration deems necessary within and outside the continental United States; to acquire by lease or otherwise, through the Administrator of General Services, buildings or parts of buildings in the District of Columbia for the use of the Administration for a period not to exceed ten years without regard to the Act of March 3, 1877 (40 U.S.C. 34); to lease to others such real and personal property; to sell and otherwise dispose of real and personal property (including patents and rights thereunder) in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended (40 U.S.C. 471 et seq.); and to provide by contract or otherwise for cafeterias and other necessary facilities for the welfare of employees of the Administration at its installations and purchase and maintain equipment therefor; And my favourite: (4) to accept unconditional gifts or donations of services, money, or property, real, personal, or mixed, tangible or intangible; (10) when determined by the Administrator to be necessary, and subject to such security investigations as he may determine to be appropriate, to employ aliens without regard to statutory provisions prohibiting payment of compensation to aliens; What is a "natural person"? (2) DEVELOPER.—The term “developer” means a United states person (other than a natural person) who-- (A) is a party to an agreement with the Administration for the purpose of developing new technology for an experimental aerospace vehicle; (B) owns or provides property to be flown or situated on that vehicle; or (C) employs a natural person to be flown on that vehicle. (3) EXPERIMENTAL AEROSPACE VEHICLE.—The term “experimental aerospace vehicle” means an object intended to be flown in, or launched into, orbital or suborbital flight for the purpose of demonstrating technologies necessary for a reusable launch vehicle, developed under an agreement between the Administration and a developer. (4) RELATED ENTITTY.—The term “related entity” includes a contractor or subcontractor at any tier, a supplier, a grantee, and an investigator or detailee. I suggest YOU stop living in the fantasy world where everything is hunky dorry like the government and media lead you to believe and start living in the REAL world. |
Anonymous Coward 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | AC 226 You are wrong Go to the US patent office FAQ Yes one can patent ideas such as voice mail that was patented before it was a working device However these above patents are obviously patents for real working devices Sorry these things scare you into refusing to believe --it is called denial.... |
Cosmic Serpent 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Cosmic Serpent 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Cosmic Serpent 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | I´m suprised no one seems to have noticed that NASA have a patent on an android, or rather many other patents when put together can be used to create one, including sensors(visual/motion, smell, taste, etc), a 3D "brain", various A.I.(artificial intelligence) and many others. Today NASA released a A.I. system into their satellites. Could Isaac Asimov still be right? United States Patent 6,088,689 Kohn , et al. July 11, 2000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Multiple-agent hybrid control architecture for intelligent real-time control of distributed nonlinear processes Abstract A Multiple-Agent Hybrid Control Architecture (MAHCA) uses agents to analyze design, and implement intelligent control of distributed processes. A single agent can be configured to control a local process and a network of agents can be configured to control more complex distributed processes. Multiple agents interact through messages and can be either permanent or temporary. The network of agents interact to create an emergent global behavior. The network of agents support construction of closed-loop, autonomous systems which react to comply with two degrees of freedom: (1) a logic degree of freedom (useful for implementing switching between modes of control) and (2) an evolution degree of freedom (useful for implementing particular modes of control). Global behavior is emergent from individual agent behaviors and is achieved without central control through the imposition of global constraints on the network of individual agent behaviors (the logic agent network). MAHCA is especially useful for reactive synchronization of real-time distributed processes subject to decision-making under uncertainty where both logical and evolution constraints on system operation must be continuously maintained and where human operators must be kept appraised of current system operation and whose decisions must be promptly and safely executed. MAHCA also provides support for reuse of existing trusted components and incremental provision of expanded functionality in old or new components through formal construction of provably correct real-time software from declarations of desired logic and evolution behavior of system components. Finally, MAHCA agents can be used in conventional digital procedures to speed up an ensemble of procedures. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Inventors: Kohn; Wolf (Bellevue, WA); Nerode; Anil (Ithaca, NY); James; John (Fairfax Station, VA) Assignee: Hynomics Corporation (Kirkland, WA) Appl. No.: 564008 Filed: November 29, 1995 There are no products similar to the Multiple-Agent Hybrid Control Architecture (MAHCA). Features of MAHCA include: 1. MAHCA uses general descriptions of system state that combine logical and evolution constraints on system behavior. The best commercial simulation products have supported such combined descriptions of system behavior for many years. Examples of commercial simulation systems include SIMNON and ACSL, both of which support nonlinear system descriptions, discovery of system equilibrium points, and linearization about system equilibria for design of linear controllers. The best experimental prototype is DSTOOL from Cornell University, which uses a system description closest to that of MAHCA. A recent Ph.D. thesis by Mats Andersson from Lund Institute of Technology discusses simulation of hybrid systems. The thesis describes the systems modeling language Omola and the simulation system OmSim. While these products and experimental systems support discovery of system behavior, including discovery of failure modes, they do not support creation of controllers to compensate for undesired behaviors. 2. MAHCA´s logical and evolution description of system behavior delivers cumulative control solutions. Commercial products for design of control systems exist, including some that generate control code from experiments. The best commercial systems are MATLAB, MATRIX-X, and BEACON. The best experimental prototypes are ANDECS from Germany, HONEY-X from Honeywell, and METL from University of Waterloo. METL is closest in spirit to MAHCA in that METL supports both logical and evolution descriptions of system behavior and delivery of control solutions that meet logical and evolution constraints. METL, however, relies on experimental discovery of failure modes and application of engineering heuristics to construct combined solutions, as do all other control design tools currently available. 3. MAHCA supports a system for solving both linear and nonlinear scheduling of events. Commercial products exist for scheduling discrete sequences of events. An extension to the G2 product from GENSYM Corp. is currently being marketed as an optimal scheduling package for discrete manufacturing. This product, like other scheduling packages, relies on solution of a linear approximation to what is known to be a nonlinear problem. MAHCA solves the nonlinear scheduling problem as well as its linear approximation. 4. MAHCA uses a general purpose architecture descriptor. General purpose architectures for large-scale, real-time systems have been under development for some time. The NASREM architecture, a joint development of the National Bureau of Standards and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, was published as an open standard in 1989. This reference architecture for real-time, distributed control has been used as a starting point for several large-scale systems as well as the beginning of the Next Generation Controller project and the beginning of two projects in component-based programming supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) Domain-Specific Software Architecture (DSSA) project. One of these projects has the best experimental prototype for declaring system architectures, the ARDEC-TEKNOWLEDGE (ARTEK) model. Neither NASREM nor ARTEK, however, support development of control programs for the systems described by their architectural syntax. MAHCA can use either NASREM or ARTEK syntax to describe reference architectures for large-scale systems and can also can generate control software to execute actions necessary to meet the design goals of the architecture applications. Also, while both NASREM and ARTEC support declarations of synchronization requirements for large-scale distributed system, neither support construction of control solutions that achieve the required synchronization. MAHCA provides technology for flexible implementations of heterogeneous systems which substantially expand on the capabilities of real-time control architectures envisioned by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in "NASA/NBS Standard Reference Model for Telerobot Control System Architecture (NASREM)," NIST (formerly NBS) Technical Note 1235, April 1989. The NASREM experimentation-based architecture represents the most logical arrangement of tools for experimental development of intelligent, real-time, computer-controlled systems. The NASREM architecture has been one of the most widely implemented architectures for large-scale systems and was the starting point for real-time, component-based control research being conducted by the Department of Defense. NASREM has several very useful features including: 1. NASREM supports separation of complex real-time systems into a fixed hierarchy based upon lower levels of the hierarchy being implemented at faster time scales and higher levels in the hierarchy being implemented at slower time scales. The time scales nominally vary from several hours of observations of system evolution at the slowest time scale to several milliseconds of observations of system evolution at the fastest time scale. 2. NASREM supports a further separation of complex, real-time systems into fixed heterarchical partitions at each layer in the hierarchy which correspond to components for a fixed, closed-loop approach for control of each layer according to a sense-decide-act paradigm of: a. Sense the state of the system at each layer (time scale) in the hierarchy. Analog-to-digital transducers are used to automatically sense and provide inputs at the lowest levels in the hierarchy while user interfaces are used to obtain human queries, response to system queries, or decisions at the highest layers in the hierarchy. b. Decide which action or plan should be implemented. Scheduling algorithms for sequential machines used for a discrete-event system, switching tables experimentally produced for accomplishing gain-scheduling for closed-loop control algorithms appropriate for different operating modes, or adaptive control algorithms appropriate for use around well-defined operating points are used to decide what actions are to be taken at the lowest layers in the hierarchy. c. Act to execute the appropriate action for the current state of the system at each layer in the hierarchy. Since lower levels operate at faster time scales than higher levels in the hierarchy (the lowest level being several orders of magnitude faster than the highest level), many actions are taken at a lower level for each action taken at a higher level. Each heterarchical partition proceeds at a fixed rate to implement the sense-decide-act cycle for the level it controls. The rate can be designed into the system based upon the performance requirements of the users, or the rate may be experimentally determined based upon the physical requirements of existing processes. Each layer accesses a global knowledge base that contains the knowledge of the current state of the system and constraints concerning decisions that can be made for the next cycle. 3. NASREM separates system behaviors into major logical activities being conducted based upon nominal partitioning according to system time scales. This supports a deliberate design of adding higher-level logical functionality in layers from the simplest to the most elaborate as the complex system is incrementally designed, prototyped, assembled, tested, and commissioned. NASREM, and other architectures based upon conducting extensive experiments to implement complex, large-scale systems, has been a successful engineering approach. However, as systems grow in size and complexity, this technology has been increasingly less effective in achieving successful implementations. More to come. |
Patently false Woo Woo 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Cosmic Serpent 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | NASA have no qualms about accepting "gifts" and money from anyone as stated in the space act. |
Anonymous Coward 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Cosmic Serpent 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Anonymous Coward 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Cosmic Serpent 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | But wait, isn´t NASA a "civilian" space agency? What has DNA got to do with space? United States Patent 6,057,424 Vail, III May 2, 2000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Method and apparatus to synthesize DNA and DNA-like molecular structures by applying electric fields to gaseous mixtures of chemical reactants containing template particulate matter Abstract The methods to synthesize these chemicals in a laboratory are theorized to be related to natural processes that resulted in the creation of primordial life in the early atmosphere of Earth. The theory of the origin of primordial life in the Earth´s early atmosphere is derived from an earlier U.S. Disclosure Document entitled "Method and Apparatus to Create Primordial Life from Inanimate Materials" that is substantially repeated in the application. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Inventors: Vail, III; William Banning (3123 198th Pl SE., Bothell, WA 98012) Appl. No.: 840124 Filed: March 24, 1997 *snip* The inventor´s Disclosure Document No. 412788 entitled "Method and Apparatus to Create Primordial Life from Inanimate Materials" shows that the EPR can be used to create such primordial life. For the purposes herein, the creation of primordial life is equivalent to simulating any naturally occurring means capable of assembling and replicating DNA-like molecular structures which may take part in any type of naturally occurring evolutionary process that allows the DNA-like molecular structures to change in time. For the purposes herein, the creation of artificial life is equivalent to any artificial means capable of assembling and replicating DNA-like molecular structures which may take part in any type of artificial or actual evolutionary process that allows the DNA-like molecular structures to change in time. Put simply, primordial life is intended to simulate life as it evolved on Earth whereas artificial life is not necessarily intended to do so. With the current state of science, the inventor recognizes that it may not always be possible to draw a clear distinction between primordial life and artificial life. For the purposes in discussions involving primordial life and/or artificial life, DNA-like molecular structures include for the purposes of this invention any type of self-replicating molecular structure. [link to patft.uspto.gov] "not always be possible to draw a clear distinction between primordial life and artificial life." What is artificial life? Why is NASA experimenting with it? Are these organic androids? |
Cosmic Serpent 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | United States Patent 6,054,694 Paustian April 25, 2000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Microwave facilitated atmospheric energy projection system Abstract The Atmospheric Energy Projection System (AEPS) projects electrical/thermal energy using microwave radiation at the resonant frequency of oxygen. The radiation excites a column through the ambient atmosphere to a temperature such that air within the column is converted from an insulator to a conducting channel or focused medium. Electrical current is then applied to the channel to transmit an electric charge a predetermined distance. Rapid release of pulses of 60 GHz microwave radiation at a field strength below that for breakdown for the waveguide feeding the antenna or at the antenna aperture creates a channel without premature plasma generation. Once the channel is energized sufficiently, an electric charge is released into the channel and flows down it from the source to a solid the channel intersects. If no solid intrudes the charge diffuses harmlessly at the end of the heated channel as the channel cools back to the ambient temperature. Channel duration is a function of cross-sectional area, and channel length is a function of the amount of 60 GHz microwave energy radiated into the volume of interest. Radiated energy to make the channel is a function of the power available and microwave source used. Shorter ranges require less power to create the channel. Amount of electrical charge released depends on desired range and amount of energy needed at the end of the channel. Arrays of antennas are positioned around a central electrode. Multiple arrays of antennas and electrodes are positioned around a space forming a secure transmission area. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Inventors: Paustian; Philip J. (Panama City, FL) Assignee: Cerberus Institute for Research and Development, Inc. (Warner Robins, GA) Appl. No.: 834421 Filed: April 16, 1997 *snip* SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an Atmospheric Energy Projection System for projecting electrical and thermal energy. The system takes advantage of oxygen´s resonant frequency for absorption of energy. MFAEPS uses microwave radiation at 60 GHz to create a narrow channel of excited molecules heated sufficiently such that a charge released into that excited air column tends to follow the column rather than dissipating more diffusely into the ambient air. That frequency is the resonant frequency of oxygen. Transmitting 60 GHz microwaves into a narrow air column increases energy in gas molecules in just that portion of the air. Electron mobility in the gas energized by the microwave beam increases, thus favoring the flow of current down the narrow column or channel rather than through the surrounding cooler air. MFAEPS first excites the gas almost to the air breakdown level, and then introduces electric charge into the channel. That creates controlled breakdown with the flow of electrons proceeding down the channel at a speed approaching one-fifth the speed of light or slightly better. The electric charge continues down the channel until it contacts the object of interest. If no solid encroaches in the column, the electric charge diffuses harmlessly. MFAEPS has numerous potential applications in a variety of fields, including its development into devices used in military operations. At high power, MFAEPS delivers hundreds of amps of current to land, water, or airborne targets, thereby confusing and immobilizing advanced technology. The electric charge delivered using MFAEPS´s travels at one-fifth the speed of light, making evasion difficult. Ground forces can use MFAEPS for destroying or inactivating controlled directed electronic counter measures (ECM). At low powers, the present invention can be used to perform agricultural activities, such as herding livestock. MFAEPS´s, having a longer range than a cattle prod, allow one ranch hand to more efficiently control a herd. Devices can also be developed to defend grazing cattle and sheep against predators. Properly tuned, an MFAEPS mechanism merely stings or stuns the predator and thus avoids killing an endangered species or domestic animal. An array of MFAEPS sources can be used to fence off areas from human or animal passage. That fence is visible as streaks of lightning passing between the two MFAEPS sources. The amount of charge carried by the fence is adjustable so as to merely stun or mildly shock an imprudent observer who chooses to proceed through the fence. The requisite charge is realized by applying enough voltage to achieve breakdown in the air in the channels that would be reformed rapidly. Multiple channels a few centimeters apart created by an array of 60 GHz microwave sources and charge sources aligned in a column an radiating in the same plane creates such a barrier. Similarly, high security-areas can be equipped with MFAEPS´s in doorways and hallways to instantly create a barrier to human, animal or automated system passage. The current is adjustable upwards from mild pain to a power sufficient to stun a man or animal, leaving the interloper temporarily unconscious or disabled. MFAEPS´s can also be incorporated into home security systems to augment home defenses against unwanted intruders. In the field of law enforcement, the present invention can be used by police officers to stun and subdue rioters and criminals without inflicting lasting injury. MFAEPS is far more directional, easier to control, less toxic and environmentally safer than tear gas, the weapon commonly employed in those situations. Mounting a column of MFAEPS´s on trucks creates a mobile curtain of charge between the trucks themselves and buildings along the street, compelling rioters to move along or be shocked. Focusing MFAEPS on thunder clouds creates a predictable discharge pathway for lightning. Lightning is directed down the channel to a safe ground or to appropriate storage devices, such as banks of capacitors, batteries, or water directly heated to steam to move a turbine to regenerate electricity in a controlled fashion. Airports, chemical plants, NASA launch facilities and other structures at risk from catastrophic damage from lightning strikes can use MFAEPS´s to predictably discharge storms. For secured communications, a communication corridor can be established by a ring of parallel MFAEPS channels creating a continuous zone of breakdown that surrounds an unexcited normal air core. In the calm unexcited air corridor a communication carrier such as a radio wave, microwave, laser or emitter pulse is established. Perfect communication having zero interference and freedom from interception results from absorption and reflection of the signal by the air breakdown occurring parallel to the signal path. Thus observers outside the core may observe the breakdown path but the signal within the calm core is encapsulated and hidden from them. Further, efforts to read the beam by interposing another beam and interpreting interference patterns is also futile due to absorption and reflection similar to what occurs when microwaves routinely reflect off the ionosphere. Additional signal security is obtained at the receiving end as the air core is oscillated slightly with coded instructions for matching oscillations by the reception unit. The present invention is a multiple antenna element with single or multiple electrode version of MFAEPS. For this architecture multiple uniform antenna elements (slotted waveguide antennas, microstrip antennas, fiber optics appropriately doped to conduct 60 GHz, horn antennas, lenses or leaky waveguide antennas) are used in phased arrays to concentrate projected microwave energy centrally or using phase shifters to electronically direct the main beam off axis toward one or another targets. For arrays producing a centrally directed beam a central electrode is used to release charge to the excited zone of air created by the main beam and, as in single antenna MFAEPS, the charge follows the path of the main beam. For the phased array that is scanning electronically, electrodes are located around the periphery of the array face and projecting outward beyond it. The electrode to release current from is selected based on which electrode can couple most effectively to the beam that is directed at a given target. Alternatively the central electrode can be gimbaled to shift or tilt to follow the direction to which the central lobe is steered. In a second form of Multiple Antenna Element Microwave Facilitated Atmospheric Energy Projection System multiple beams overlap in space but not simultaneously, i.e. not as a phased array. Instead a ring of horn antennas for example will surround a central electrode and will all be focused for the same target such that their diverging beams overlap soon after leaving the horn aperture. These horns will fire serially around the ring or fire in a crisscrossing order but with enough nanoseconds between pulses per horn that no destructive interference occurs and the zone immediately beyond the electrode´s tip continues to be excited until energy levels reach near breakdown levels at which point the electrode releases charge into the excited air and it travels down the path of least resistance the path of air heated by the overlapping beams. MFAEPS in all embodiments achieves energy projection via two main mechanisms: a) That the oxygen molecules excited by the 60 GHz microwave have a greater statistical likelihood to give up an electron than to absorb one since entropy favors the ionization process that gives up electrons to plasma formation and thus favors the ensuing avalanche of electrons known as breakdown; b) The number of oxygen and nitrogen molecules in the path of the beam has been reduced relative to the surrounding cooler air outside the beam because the hot molecules (the oxygen absorbing 60 GHz microwaves and the Nitrogen molecules that collide with the excited oxygen) move outward from the beam faster than the molecules at lower velocity (those at ambient temperature) outside the beam diffuse inward. Charge is released about 1 to 10 nanoseconds after the end of a microwave pulse to introduce the electrical charge while the energy from the pulse is still influencing molecules that were in the pulse path and are near the electrode tip. The MFAEPS system in all embodiments differs from laser systems that seek to create a conducting channel by ionizing the atmospheric molecules in the path of the laser beam. MFAEPS seeks to effectively push molecules out of the way of the electric charge it releases and simultaneously make it more likely that molecules in the electron charge cloud´s path will be more prone to give up electrons than to absorb them. The electrode or current emitting source for MFAEPS in single antenna or multiple antenna element embodiments extends outward from the plane of the antennae ends to reduce charge after release merely jumping the gap and traveling back to the source of the microwave beam rather than onward to the target. |
Anonymous Coward 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Cosmic Serpent 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
LittleAlien 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Cosmic Serpent 12/08/2005 10:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |