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ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?

 
Green Thumb
User ID: 137673
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08/30/2006 07:44 PM
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ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
One thing I've been noticing over the past decade is, the increased mold & fungus in the garden. Trees,plants, even houses are infected with mold & fungus...it seems damn near pandemic.

Could there be some connection between, chemtrails & the increased mold & fungus epidemic?
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 3222
New Zealand
08/30/2006 08:27 PM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
There are no chemtrails.

That said, increased air-traffik and the burning of fossil fuels may well be having an effect on the atomosphere.

Climate change is becomming widely accepted.
DASH Hammick NLI
User ID: 132353
United States
08/30/2006 08:32 PM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
There are no chemtrails.

That said, increased air-traffik and the burning of fossil fuels may well be having an effect on the atomosphere.

Climate change is becomming widely accepted.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 3222



wrong skippy, I guess the memo didn't get to you.

GAO has let the cat out of the bag.

so you can stop the BS now. and go apply for a job as a debunker of

cats don't fall out of trees.

yea thats more up to your ability skippy
half sorry

User ID: 137420
United States
08/30/2006 08:34 PM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
Y'know, up here in the mountains I've been noticing WAY more mushrooms than normal. But I attribute that more to an ungodly amount of rainfall.

I do have this weird thing on my foot, though ...

Hmm ...
pp
User ID: 137696
South Korea
08/30/2006 09:01 PM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
There are no chemtrails.

That said, increased air-traffik and the burning of fossil fuels may well be having an effect on the atomosphere.

Climate change is becomming widely accepted.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 3222

hey ignorant debunker- check out this link- [link to www.godlikeproductions.com]

op- its mycoplasma. the 'fungus & mold' you are seeing is mycoplasmas' reaction with the environment.
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 74140
United States
08/30/2006 09:04 PM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
There does seem to be more mold and fungus around these days.

Didn't Ed Dames predict a few years ago mold or fungus would become deadly and kill us all?
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 137751
United States
08/31/2006 12:10 AM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
There are no chemtrails.

That said, increased air-traffik and the burning of fossil fuels may well be having an effect on the atomosphere.

Climate change is becomming widely accepted.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 3222


Do they really pay you that well to continue the lies & deception?

Perhaps you'd better tell Clifford Carnicom that! [link to www.carnicom.com]
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 137751
United States
08/31/2006 12:11 AM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
There does seem to be more mold and fungus around these days.

Didn't Ed Dames predict a few years ago mold or fungus would become deadly and kill us all?
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 74140



Who or what, exactly is a Ed Dames? is he a gardener or aresol specialist?
fawnknudsen

User ID: 88188
United States
08/31/2006 12:17 AM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
Yes.
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 134159
Japan
08/31/2006 12:38 AM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
Chem/Contrail Patents to Ponder

3131131 - April 28, 1964 - Electrostatic Mixing in Microbial Conversions

3174150 - March 16, 1965 - Self-Focusing Antenna System

3234357 - February 8, 1966 - Electrically Heated Smoke Producing Device
3274035 - September 20, 1966 - Metallic Composition For Production of Hydroscopic Smoke
3300721 - January 24, 1967 - Means For Communication Through a Layer of Ionized Gases
3313487 - April 11, 1967 - Cloud Seeding Apparatus
3338476 - August 29, 1967 - Heating Device For Use With Aerosol Containers - Referenced in 3990987
3410489 - November 12, 1968 - Automatically Adjustable Airfoil Spray System With Pump
3429507 - February 25, 1969 - Rainmaker
3432208 - November 7, 1967 - Fluidized Particle Dispenser
3441214 - April 29, 1969 - Method And Apparatus For Seeding Clouds
3445844 - May 20, 1969 - Trapped Electromagnetic Radiation Communications System

3518670 June 30, 1970 - Artificial Ion Cloud
3534906 - October 20, 1970 - Control of Atmospheric Particles
3545677 - December 8, 1970 - Method of Cloud Seeding
3564253 - February 16, 1971 - System And Method For Irradiation Of Planet Surface Areas
3587966 - June 28, 1971 - Freezing Nucleation
3601312 - August 24, 1971 - Methods of Increasing The Likelihood oF Precipatation By The Artificial Introduction Of Sea Water Vapor Into The Atmosphere Winward Of An Air Lift Region
3608810 - September 28, 1971 - Methods of Treating Atmospheric Conditions
3608820 - September 20, 1971 - Treatment of Atmospheric Conditions by Intermittent Dispensing of Materials Therein
3613992 - October 19, 1971 - Weather Modification Method
3630950 - December 28, 1971 - Combustible Compositions For Generating Aerosols, Particularly Suitable For Cloud Modification And Weather Control And Aerosolization Process
USRE29142 - This patent is a reissue of patent US3630950 - Combustible compositions for generating aerosols, particularly suitable for cloud modification and weather control and aerosolization process
3659785 - December 8, 1971 - Weather Modification Utilizing Microencapsulated Material
3666176 - March 3, 1972 - Solar Temperature Inversion Device
3677840 - July 18, 1972 - Pyrotechnics Comprising Oxide of Silver For Weather Modification Use

3769107 - October 30, 1973 - Pyrotechnic Composition For Generating Lead Based Smoke
3784099 - January 8, 1974 - Air Pollution Control Method
3785557 - January 15, 1974 - Cloud Seeding System
3795626 - March 5, 1974 - Weather Modification Process
3808595 - April 30, 1974 - Chaff Dispensing System
3813875 - June 4, 1974 - Rocket Having Barium Release System to Create Ion Clouds In The Upper Atmopsphere
3835059 - September 10, 1974 - Methods of Generating Ice Nuclei Smoke Particles For Weather Modification And Apparatus Therefore
3835293 - September 10, 1974 - Electrical Heating Aparatus For Generating Super Heated Vapors - Referenced in 3990987
3877642 - April 15, 1975 - Freezing Nucleant
3882393 - May 6, 1975 - Communications System Utilizing Modulation of The Characteristic Polarization of The Ionosphere
3896993 - July 29, 1975 - Process For Local Modification of Fog And Clouds For Triggering Their Precipitation And For Hindering The Development of Hail Producing Clouds
3899129 - August 12, 1975 - Apparatus for generating ice nuclei smoke particles for weather modification
3899144 - August 12, 1975 - Powder contrail generation
3940059 - February 24, 1976 - Method For Fog Dispersion
3940060 - February 24, 1976 - Vortex Ring Generator
3990987 - November 9, 1976 - Smoke generator
3992628 - November 16, 1976 - Countermeasure system for laser radiation
3994437 - November 30, 1976 - Broadcast dissemination of trace quantities of biologically active chemicals
4042196 - August 16, 1977 - Method and apparatus for triggering a substantial change in earth characteristics and measuring earth changes
RE29,142 - February 22, 1977 - Reissue of: 03630950 - Combustible compositions for generating aerosols, particularly suitable for cloud modification and weather control and aerosolization process
4035726 - July 12, 1977 - Method of controlling and/or improving high-latitude and other communications or radio wave surveillance systems by partial control of radio wave et al
4096005 - June 20, 1978 - Pyrotechnic Cloud Seeding Composition
4129252 - December 12, 1978 - Method and apparatus for production of seeding materials
4141274 - February 27, 1979 - Weather modification automatic cartridge dispenser
4167008 - September 4, 1979 - Fluid bed chaff dispenser
4347284 - August 31, 1982 - White cover sheet material capable of reflecting ultraviolet rays
4362271 - December 7, 1982 - Procedure for the artificial modification of atmospheric precipitation as well as compounds with a dimethyl sulfoxide base for use in carrying out said procedure
4402480 - September 6, 1983 - Atmosphere modification satellite
4412654 - November 1, 1983 - Laminar microjet atomizer and method of aerial spraying of liquids
4415265 - November 15, 1983 - Method and apparatus for aerosol particle absorption spectroscopy
4470544 - September 11, 1984 - Method of and Means for weather modification
4475927 - October 9, 1984 - Bipolar Fog Abatement System
4600147 - July 15, 1986 - Liquid propane generator for cloud seeding apparatus
4633714 - January 6, 1987 - Aerosol particle charge and size analyzer
4643355 - February 17, 1987 - Method and apparatus for modification of climatic conditions
4653690 - March 31, 1987 - Method of producing cumulus clouds
4684063 - August 4, 1987 - Particulates generation and removal
4686605 - August 11, 1987 - Method and apparatus for altering a region in the earth's atmosphere, ionosphere, and/or magnetosphere
4704942 - November 10, 1987 - Charged Aerosol
4712155 - December 8, 1987 - Method and apparatus for creating an artificial electron cyclotron heating region of plasma
4744919 - May 17, 1988 - Method of dispersing particulate aerosol tracer
4766725 - August 30, 1988 - Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor
4829838 - May 16, 1989 - Method and apparatus for the measurement of the size of particles entrained in a gas
4836086 - June 6, 1989 - Apparatus and method for the mixing and diffusion of warm and cold air for dissolving fog
4873928 - October 17, 1989 - Nuclear-sized explosions without radiation
4948257 - August 14, 1990 - Laser optical measuring device and method for stabilizing fringe pattern spacing
4948050 - August 14, 1990 - Liquid atomizing apparatus for aerial spraying
4999637 - March 12, 1991 - Creation of artificial ionization clouds above the earth
5003186 - March 26, 1991 - Stratospheric Welsbach seeding for reduction of global warming
5005355 - April 9, 1991 - Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor
5038664 - August 13, 1991 - Method for producing a shell of relativistic particles at an altitude above the earths surface
5041760 - August 20, 1991 - Method and apparatus for generating and utilizing a compound plasma configuration
5041834 - August 20, 1991 - Artificial ionospheric mirror composed of a plasma layer which can be tilted
5056357 - October 15, 1991- Acoustic method for measuring properties of a mobile medium
5059909 - October 22, 1991 - Determination of particle size and electrical charge
5104069 - April 14, 1992 - Apparatus and method for ejecting matter from an aircraft
5110502 - May 5, 1992 - Method of suppressing formation of contrails and solution therefor
5156802 - October 20, 1992 - Inspection of fuel particles with acoustics
5174498 - December 29, 1992 - Cloud Seeding
5148173 - September 15, 1992 - Millimeter wave screening cloud and method
5245290 - September 14, 1993 - Device for determining the size and charge of colloidal particles by measuring electroacoustic effect
5286979 - February 15, 1994 - Process for absorbing ultraviolet radiation using dispersed melanin
5296910 - March 22, 1994 - Method and apparatus for particle analysis
5327222 - July 5, 1994 - Displacement information detecting apparatus
5357865 - October 25, 1994 - Method of cloud seeding
5360162 - November 1, 1994 - Method and composition for precipitation of atmospheric water
5383024 - January 17, 1995 - Optical wet steam monitor
5425413 - June 20, 1995 - Method to hinder the formation and to break-up overhead atmospheric inversions, enhance ground level air circulation and improve urban air quality
5434667 - July 18, 1995 - Characterization of particles by modulated dynamic light scattering
5441200 - August 15, 1995 - Tropical cyclone disruption
5486900 - January 23, 1996 - Measuring device for amount of charge of toner and image forming apparatus having the measuring device
5556029 - September 17, 1996 - Method of hydrometeor dissipation (clouds)
5628455 - May 13, 1997 - Method and apparatus for modification of supercooled fog
5631414 - May 20, 1997 - Method and device for remote diagnostics of ocean-atmosphere system state
5639441 - June 17, 1997 - Methods for fine particle formation
5762298 - June 9, 1998 - Use of artificial satellites in earth orbits adaptively to modify the effect that solar radiation would otherwise have on earth's weather
5912396 - June 15, 1999 - System and method for remediation of selected atmospheric conditions
5922976 - July 13, 1999 - Method of measuring aerosol particles using automated mobility-classified aerosol detector
5949001 - September 7, 1999 - Method for aerodynamic particle size analysis
5984239 - November 16, 1999 - Weather modification by artificial satellite
6025402 - February 15, 2000 - Chemical composition for effectuating a reduction of visibility obscuration, and a detoxifixation of fumes and chemical fogs in spaces of fire origin
6030506 - February 29, 2000 - Preparation of independently generated highly reactive chemical species
6034073 - March 7, 2000 - Solvent detergent emulsions having antiviral activity
6045089 - April 4, 2000 - Solar-powered airplane
6056203 - May 2, 2000 - Method and apparatus for modifying supercooled clouds
6110590 - August 29, 2000 - Synthetically spun silk nanofibers and a process for making the same
6263744 - July 24, 2001 - Automated mobility-classified-aerosol detector
6281972 - August 28, 2001 - Method and apparatus for measuring particle-size distribution
6315213 - November 13, 2001 - Method of modifying weather
6382526 - May 7, 2002 - Process and apparatus for the production of nanofibers
6408704 - June 25, 2002 - Aerodynamic particle size analysis method and apparatus
6412416 - July 2, 2002 - Propellant-based aerosol generation devices and method
6520425 - February 18, 2003 - Process and apparatus for the production of nanofibers
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 74140
United States
08/31/2006 01:35 AM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
There does seem to be more mold and fungus around these days.

Didn't Ed Dames predict a few years ago mold or fungus would become deadly and kill us all?



Who or what, exactly is a Ed Dames? is he a gardener or aresol specialist?
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 137751


Remote viewer and teaches RV, worked for the gov't in the then secret remote viewing unit. Not very accurate, a few hits, mostly BS,
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 3222
New Zealand
08/31/2006 01:46 AM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
Chem/Contrail Patents to Ponder

3131131 - April 28, 1964 - Electrostatic Mixing in Microbial Conversions

... etc ...

6520425 - February 18, 2003 - Process and apparatus for the production of nanofibers
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 134159


Nobody is saying stuff can't be sprayed from planes.

Nobody is saying stuff hasn't been sprayed from planes.

We all know about agent orange (even before Vietnam, in WWII - defoliants were being sprayed on Japanese crops)

We all know about cloud seeding.

We all know about chaff.

Don't miss the point.

The idea being raised is:

'All those contrails you see from normal airline traffic are actually "chemtrails" secretly spreading stuff (to cause cancer, to calm the sheeple, whatever).'

THAT is the thing I am saying you have no proof of.

Spamming with the same list of patents answers nothing.
Shadow Dancer

User ID: 134567
United States
08/31/2006 01:54 AM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
I have noticed it as well.

Allergies have developed as well and many others who had been allergy free in excess of 20 yrs. or more


'Chemtrails' are toxic

Even jet fuel is toxic, it isn't a Herculean leap to extend to any bio hazards or pharmaceutical testing without consent is illegal, plane and simple.

I am sure it is 'believed' we need aluminum and Barrium sprinkled in the sky for communication with HAARP, ELF, VLF, GWEN, and others but imho it isn't sound science


"4686605 - August 11, 1987 - Method and apparatus for altering a region in the earth's atmosphere, ionosphere, and/or magnetosphere"

This goes way beyond clouds.

Since when is Raytheon the BIG DEFENSE CONTRACTOR big in meteourology?
All choices have consequences, choose wisely, CHOOSE WISELY.
Texas Uncensored

User ID: 137796
United States
08/31/2006 03:09 AM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
Uuummhh,
I wonder if the ozone layer is affected by this.
Is global warming being hurried along by this experimentation ?
Has the earth's electrical/magnetic grid been affected by the interference of the particles being layed in the air?
Is the damage to the weather systems long term?

The use of this technology is likely being used in the tropics, along with microwave energy, as can be seen in the abundance of square weather front images. The pulse beams, whatever they are, can be seen in satellite imagery squaring off the storms.
While this may protect the areas, the lack of normal precipitation in areas like the rain forest, and riceland areas of the Gulf Coast could be catastrophic for the world's environment, and food production.
Common Sense
User ID: 1595
Netherlands
08/31/2006 02:41 PM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
Could the increased fungal growth be the result of lower oxygen levels in general? Oxygen prohibits bacterial growth and fungal diseases,at least in a medical sense.(oxygen therapy)So with the destruction of the Amazonian and other rain forests and demise? of oxygen producing ocean plankton,the average oxygenlevels could be dropping and thus explain the presence of more fungi and viruses? Don't know wether my argument holds any truth.Do any of you happen to know anything about the average oxygen levels.Supposed to be around 19%? I've read somewhere,that oxygen levels were much higher in the past.I seem to remember McCabe mentioning average oxygen levels in one of his oxygen therapy books.Whatever...
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 137980
United Kingdom
08/31/2006 03:19 PM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
Spamming with the same list of patents answers nothing.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 3222


Yet another patent.
United States Patent 5,003,186
Chang , et al. March 26, 1991
Stratospheric Welsbach seeding for reduction of global warming

Abstract

A method is described for reducing atmospheric or global warming resulting from the presence of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere, i.e., from the greenhouse effect. Such gases are relatively transparent to sunshine, but absorb strongly the long-wavelength infrared radiation released by the earth. The method incudes the step of seeding the layer of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere with particles of materials characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity. Such materials include Welsbach materials and the oxides of metals which have high emissivity (and thus low reflectivities) in the visible and 8-12 micron infrared wavelength regions.
Inventors: Chang; David B. (Tustin, CA), Shih; I-Fu (Los Alamitos, CA)
Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Los Angeles, CA)
Appl. No.: 07/513,145
Filed: April 23, 1990

Current U.S. Class: 250/505.1 ; 244/158.1; 250/503.1; 250/504R
Current International Class: A01G 15/00 (20060101)
Field of Search: 250/505.1,54R,503.1,493.1 244/136,158R
References Cited [Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents

3222675 December 1965 Schwartz
4755673 July 1988 Pollack et al.
Primary Examiner: Berman; Jack I.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sales; Michael W. Denson-Low; Wanda
Claims


What is claimed is:

1. A method of reducing atmospheric warming due to the greenhouse effect resulting from a layer of gases in the atmosphere which absorb strongly near infrared wavelength radiation, comprising the step of dispersing tiny particles of a material within the gases' layer, the particle material characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity or reflectivity, in that said material has high emissivities with respect to radiation in the visible and far infrared wavelength spectra, and low emissivity in the near infrared wavelength spectrum, whereby said tiny particles provide a means for converting infrared heat energy into far infrared radiation which is radiated into space.

2. The method of claim wherein said material comprises one or more of the oxides of metals.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said material comprises aluminum oxide.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said material comprises thorium oxide.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said particles are dispersed by seeding the stratosphere with a quantity of said particles at altitudes in the range of seven to thirteen kilometers above the earth's surface.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the size of said particles is in the range of ten to one hundred microns.

7. The method of claim wherein said material comprises a refractory material.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein said material is a Welsbach material.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the number of said dispersed particles per unit area in the particle layer is greater than or equal to 1/.sigma..sub.abs 1, where 1 is the thickness of the particle layer and .sigma..sub.abs is the absorption coefficient of the particles at the far infrared wavelengths.

10. A method for reducing atmospheric warming due to the greenhouse effect resulting from a greenhouse gases layer, comprising the following step:

seeding the greenhouse gases' layer with a quantity of tiny particles of a material characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity or reflectivity, in that said materials have high emissivities in the visible and far infrared wavelength spectra and low emissivity in the near infrared wavelength spectrum,

whereby said particles are suspended within said gases' layer and provide a means for converting radiative energy at near infrared wavelengths into radiation at the far infrared wavelengths, permitting some of the converted radiation to escape into space.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein said material comprises one or more of the oxides of metals.

12. The method of claim 10 wherein said material comprises aluminum oxide.

13. The method of claim 10 wherein said material is thorium oxide.

14. The method of claim 10 wherein said seeding is performed at altitudes in the range of seven to thirteen kilometers above the earth's surface.

15. The method of claim 10 wherein said material comprises a refractory material.

16. The method of claim 10 wherein said particle size is in range of ten to one hundred microns.

17. The method of claim 10 wherein said material is a Welsbach material.

18. The method of claim 10 wherein the number of said dispersed particles per unit area in the particle layer is greater than or equal to 1/.sigma..sub.abs 1, where 1 is the thickness of the particle layer and .sigma..sub.abs is the absorption coefficient of the particles at the far infrared wavelengths.
Description


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a method for the reduction of global warming resulting from the greenhouse effect, and in particular to a method which involves the seeding of the earth's stratosphere with Welsbach-like materials.

Global warming has been a great concern of many environmental scientists. Scientists believe that the greenhouse effect is responsible for global warming. Greatly increased amounts of heat-trapping gases have been generated since the Industrial Revolution. These gases, such as CO.sub.2, CFC, and methane, accumulate in the atmosphere and allow sunlight to stream in freely but block heat from escaping (greenhouse effect). These gases are relatively transparent to sunshine but absorb strongly the long-wavelength infrared radiation released by the earth.

Most current approaches to reduce global warming are to restrict the release of various greenhouse gases, such as CO.sub.2, CFC, and methane. These imply the need to establish new regulations and the need to monitor various gases and to enforce the regulations.

One proposed solution to the problem of global warming involves the seeding of the atmosphere with metallic particles. One technique proposed to seed the metallic particles was to add the tiny particles to the fuel of jet airliners, so that the particles would be emitted from the jet engine exhaust while the airliner was at its cruising altitude. While this method would increase the reflection of visible light incident from space, the metallic particles would trap the long wavelength blackbody radiation released from the earth. This could result in net increase in global warming.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for reduction of global warming due to the greenhouse effect which permits heat to escape through the atmosphere.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method is disclosed for reducing atmospheric warming due to the greenhouse effect resulting from a greenhouse gases layer. The method comprises the step of seeding the greenhouse gas layer with a quantity of tiny particles of materials characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity or reflectivity, in that said materials have high emissivities in the visible and far infrared wavelength regions and low emissivity in the near infrared wavelength region. Such materials can include the class of materials known as Welsbach materials. The oxides of metal, e.g., aluminum oxide, are also suitable for the purpose. The greenhouse gases layer typically extends between about seven and thirteen kilometers above the earth's surface. The seeding of the stratosphere occurs within this layer. The particles suspended in the stratosphere as a result of the seeding provide a mechanism for converting the blackbody radiation emitted by the earth at near infrared wavelengths into radiation in the visible and far infrared wavelength so that this heat energy may be reradiated out into space, thereby reducing the global warming due to the greenhouse effect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment thereof, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a model for the heat trapping phenomenon, i.e., the greenhouse effect.

FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the intensity of sunlight incident on earth and of the earth's blackbody radiation as a function of wavelength.

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an ideal emissivity versus wavelength function for the desired particle material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 shows a model for the heat-trapping (greenhouse effect) phenomenon. It is assumed that the greenhouse gases are concentrated at altitudes between y=0 (at some altitude Y.sub.1, above the earth's surface) and y=1. Regardless of the sunshine reflected back into space, i.sub.1 and i.sub.2 denote the shortwavelength sunlight energies that are absorbed by the earth's surface and the greenhouse gases, respectively. Available data shows that i.sub.1 =0.45 i.sub.sol and i.sub.2 =0.25 i.sub.sol, where i.sub.sol is the total flux from the sun. The short wavelength sunlight heats up the greenhouse gases and the earth surface, and this energy is eventually reradiated out in the long wavelength infrared region.

FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the intensity of sunlight and the earth's blackbody radiation as a function of wavelength. As illustrated, some 30% of the sunlight energy is in the near infrared region. The earth's blackbody radiation, on the other hand, is at the far infrared wavelength.

Referring again to FIG. 1, I.sub.s, I.sub.+, I.sub.-, I.sub.g and I.sub.e represent the fluxes in the infrared wavelength region, where I.sub.s and I.sub.g are the fluxes reradiated by the greenhouse gases toward the sky and ground, respectively; I.sub.e is the flux reradiated by the earth; and I.sub.+ and I.sub.- are fluxes within the gases radiating toward the space and ground, respectively. I.sub.+ and I.sub.- are functions of y, e.g., I.sub.+ (0) is the I.sub.+ flux at y=0. Considering the principles of energy conservation and continuity at boundaries, the following relationships are obtained:

where R.sub.o, R.sub.l and R are the reflectivities at the y=0 and y=1 boundaries and at the earth's surface. I.sub.BB (T.sub.e) is the blackbody radiation flux at the earth's temperature T.sub.e. Within the greenhouse gases' layer, the energy equations are

where I.sub.BB (T.sub.g) is the blackbody radiation flux at the greenhouse gases' temperature T.sub.g, and .alpha. is the absorption coefficient of the gases. The solutions of equations 8 and 9 are given by equations 10 and 11:

To illustrate the effects of R.sub.o and R.sub.l on the green-house effect, the extreme case is considered wherein a high concentration of greenhouse gases has strong absorption in the infrared region; that is, for y=1, e.sup.-.alpha.l approaches 0. Then, using Equations 3 and 4, the relationships of Equations 12 and 13 are obtained.

From Equations 5 and 7,

or

From Equations 2 and 1,

or

Combining Equations 14 and 15, the relationship of Equation 16 is obtained.

Finally, Equation 6 gives the blackbody radiation from the earth's surface in terms of i.sub.1 and i.sub.2 and the three reflectivities:

or

To achieve a lower temperature of the earth, (considering i.sub.1, i.sub.2 and R as constants), it is desirable to make R and R.sub.l as small as possible.

Known refractory materials have a thermal emissivity function which is strongly wavelength dependent. For example, the materials may have high emissivity (and absorption) at the far infrared wavelengths, high emissivity in the visible wavelength range, and very low emissivity at intermediate wavelengths. If a material having those emissivity characteristics and a black body are exposed to IR energy of equal intensity, the selective thermal radiator will emit visible radiation with higher efficiency (if radiation cooling predominates), i.e., the selective thermal radiator will appear brighter than the black body. This effect is known as the Welsbach effect and is extensively used in commercial gas lantern mantles.

Welsbach materials have the characteristic of wavelength-dependent emissivity (or reflectivity). For example, thorium oxide (ThO.sub.2) has high emissivities in the visible and far IR regions but it has low emissivity in the near IR region. So, in accordance with the invention, the layer of greenhouse gases is seeded with Welsbach or Welsbach-like materials which have high emissivities (and thus low reflectivities) in the visible and 8-12 micrometer infrared regions, which has the effect of reducing R.sub.o and R.sub.l while introducing no effect in the visible range.

A desired material for the stratospheric seeding has a reflection coefficient close to unity for near IR radiation, and a reflection coefficient close to zero (or emissity close to unity) for far IR radiation. FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an ideal emissivity versus wavelength function for the desired material. Another class of materials having the desired property includes the oxides of metals. For example, aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) is one metal oxide suitable for the purpose and which is relatively inexpensive.

It is presently believed that particle sizes in the ten to one hundred micron range would be suitable for the seeding purposes. Larger particles would tend to settle to the earth more quickly.

The particles in the required size range can be obtained with conventional methods of grinding and meshing.

It is believed that the number of particles n.sub.d per unit area in the particle layer should be defined by Equation 18:

where 1 is the thickness of the particle layer and .sigma..sub.abs is the absorption coefficient of the particles at the long IR wavelengths. One crude estimate of the density of particles is given by Equation (19):

where c is the speed of light, m is the average particle mass, e is the electron charge, and w is the absorption line width in sec.sup.-1.

The greenhouse gases are typically in the earth's stratosphere at an altitude of seven to thirteen kilometers. This suggests that the particle seeding should be done at an altitude on the order of 10 kilometers. The particles may be seeded by dispersal from seeding aircraft; one exemplary technique may be via the jet fuel as suggested by prior work regarding the metallic particles. Once the tiny particles have been dispersed into the atmosphere, the particles may remain in suspension for up to one year.

It is understood that the above-described embodiment is merely illustrative of the possible specific embodiments which may represent principles of the present invention. Other arrangements may readily be devised in accordance with these principles by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

[link to patft.uspto.gov]
Anonymous Coward
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08/31/2006 03:30 PM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
- ALOT of mushrooms and alot of moss growing on roofs - wasn't there before but the last two years it has noticebly increased

Also on my pool cover this spring - real unusual - one side had red algae growing atop of it while on the other side it was green algae ... (float seperated the two halfs
Anonymous Coward
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
fungus is number one cause of illness now
Anonymous Coward
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
There has been considerable interest in the use of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3) and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) to control powdery mildew and other fungal diseases of plants. This publication provides a brief survey of observations, research, and recommendations on the use of bicarbonates in horticulture.


try it for fungus...
Anonymous Coward
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09/28/2007 06:33 PM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
There are no chemtrails.

That said, increased air-traffik and the burning of fossil fuels may well be having an effect on the atomosphere.

Climate change is becomming widely accepted.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 3222




Don't tell me the streaks in the sky that happen at night in the city I live and surrounding cities, are normal...


You're a Jew, huh?
Anonymous Coward
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
Back in 2003 researcher Clifford Carnicom mentioned & did research into Mold associated with Aerial spraying.

MOLDS FLOURISH, ILLNESS PREVAILS

" second atmospheric test specific to mold detection has been conducted. The results justify a direct cause for concern, as a large number of colonies of many species of mold have again evolved during the incubation period. The test has been conducted in a dry high desert environment on a day of low wind and “clear” skies. This location has been subjected to a period of drought conditions for several months, a condition normally considered to be unsuitable for mold propagation. Exposure time for the petri dish was one hour as recommended under the test procedures. The count of individual colonies easily surpasses 40+ colonies. At the time of this reporting, additional small colonies remain under development and incubation is not yet completed.



There is a clear and direct association in the literature between the abundance of mold and respiratory, allergic and asthmatic conditions. Molds are now classified as one of the leading causes of allergies1. Almost all chronic sinus infections (afflicting 37 million Americans) are a result of molds according to a 1999 Mayo Clinic Study, and a 300% increase in the asthma rate over the past 20 years has been linked to molds (according to 1999 USA Today Cover Story)2."

[link to www.transitieweb.nl (secure)]
Anonymous Coward
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
EMF also causes the proliferation of molds and fungi
Anonymous Coward
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
EMF also causes the proliferation of molds and fungi
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 74632422


Just the opposite.i was attacked by dew and the woodpile between me and weapon had none.as soon as he turned it off.lichen began to grow.
Anonymous Coward
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
There are no chemtrails.

That said, increased air-traffik and the burning of fossil fuels may well be having an effect on the atomosphere.

Climate change is becomming widely accepted.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 3222


don't listen to this dumb cunt.
Anonymous Coward
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
EMF also causes the proliferation of molds and fungi
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 74632422


Just the opposite.i was attacked by dew and the woodpile between me and weapon had none.as soon as he turned it off.lichen began to grow.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 82537866


do you know what proliferation means?
Anonymous Coward
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
One thing I've been noticing over the past decade is, the increased mold & fungus in the garden. Trees,plants, even houses are infected with mold & fungus...it seems damn near pandemic.

Could there be some connection between, chemtrails & the increased mold & fungus epidemic?
 Quoting: Green Thumb 137673


And plays an effect of wild fires.
DrPunch

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03/20/2022 10:49 PM

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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
There are no chemtrails.

That said, increased air-traffik and the burning of fossil fuels may well be having an effect on the atomosphere.

Climate change is becomming widely accepted.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 3222



wrong skippy, I guess the memo didn't get to you.

GAO has let the cat out of the bag.

so you can stop the BS now. and go apply for a job as a debunker of

cats don't fall out of trees.

yea thats more up to your ability skippy
 Quoting: DASH Hammick NLI 132353


Yep chemtrails very real don’t listen to the gas lighters
DrPunch
26Degrees

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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
There are no chemtrails.

That said, increased air-traffik and the burning of fossil fuels may well be having an effect on the atomosphere.

Climate change is becomming widely accepted.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 3222

hey ignorant debunker- check out this link- [link to www.godlikeproductions.com]

op- its mycoplasma. the 'fungus & mold' you are seeing is mycoplasmas' reaction with the environment.
 Quoting: pp 137696


Agreed.
..11:11..

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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
One thing I've been noticing over the past decade is, the increased mold & fungus in the garden. Trees,plants, even houses are infected with mold & fungus...it seems damn near pandemic.

Could there be some connection between, chemtrails & the increased mold & fungus epidemic?
 Quoting: Green Thumb 137673


I think you are on to something...
detective
Spirituality is the opposite of religion, religion is a substitute for spirituality. Spirituality is a direct connection to Creator The Most high.

Anyone who inflicts pain on others will suffer themself from that pain.

Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil.
Anonymous Coward
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03/21/2022 06:13 AM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
There are no chemtrails.

That said, increased air-traffik and the burning of fossil fuels may well be having an effect on the atomosphere.

Climate change is becomming widely accepted.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 3222



wrong skippy, I guess the memo didn't get to you.

GAO has let the cat out of the bag.

so you can stop the BS now. and go apply for a job as a debunker of

cats don't fall out of trees.

yea thats more up to your ability skippy
 Quoting: DASH Hammick NLI 132353


Can you show me the cat?

There are no "debunker jobs". There are those who understand science and recognize a need to post truth where paranoid idiots post lies, and there are paranoid idiots.

There is literally zero evidence that shows the trails that form behind jet engines are anything but contrails in varying atmospheric conditions.

That is NOT to say that "They" are not "spraying" things.

The evidence presented to prove that claim, does not prove the claim, because the "evidence" is being misused and misinterpreted.

I am 100% sure thatr you are conflating unrelated things into one big conspiracy by connecting dots that are not connected by anything more than assumption and speculation.

What are we finding MORE of in our atmosphere, that doesn't have a logical source in nature or industry?

I'd like an answer to that last question.
Anonymous Coward
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03/21/2022 06:17 AM
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Re: ARE CHEMTRAILS THE CAUSE OF MORE THAN USUAL FUNGUS & MOLD?
Spamming with the same list of patents answers nothing.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 3222


Yet another patent.
United States Patent 5,003,186
Chang , et al. March 26, 1991
Stratospheric Welsbach seeding for reduction of global warming

Abstract

A method is described for reducing atmospheric or global warming resulting from the presence of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere, i.e., from the greenhouse effect. Such gases are relatively transparent to sunshine, but absorb strongly the long-wavelength infrared radiation released by the earth. The method incudes the step of seeding the layer of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere with particles of materials characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity. Such materials include Welsbach materials and the oxides of metals which have high emissivity (and thus low reflectivities) in the visible and 8-12 micron infrared wavelength regions.
Inventors: Chang; David B. (Tustin, CA), Shih; I-Fu (Los Alamitos, CA)
Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Los Angeles, CA)
Appl. No.: 07/513,145
Filed: April 23, 1990

Current U.S. Class: 250/505.1 ; 244/158.1; 250/503.1; 250/504R
Current International Class: A01G 15/00 (20060101)
Field of Search: 250/505.1,54R,503.1,493.1 244/136,158R
References Cited [Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents

3222675 December 1965 Schwartz
4755673 July 1988 Pollack et al.
Primary Examiner: Berman; Jack I.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sales; Michael W. Denson-Low; Wanda
Claims


What is claimed is:

1. A method of reducing atmospheric warming due to the greenhouse effect resulting from a layer of gases in the atmosphere which absorb strongly near infrared wavelength radiation, comprising the step of dispersing tiny particles of a material within the gases' layer, the particle material characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity or reflectivity, in that said material has high emissivities with respect to radiation in the visible and far infrared wavelength spectra, and low emissivity in the near infrared wavelength spectrum, whereby said tiny particles provide a means for converting infrared heat energy into far infrared radiation which is radiated into space.

2. The method of claim wherein said material comprises one or more of the oxides of metals.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said material comprises aluminum oxide.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said material comprises thorium oxide.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said particles are dispersed by seeding the stratosphere with a quantity of said particles at altitudes in the range of seven to thirteen kilometers above the earth's surface.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the size of said particles is in the range of ten to one hundred microns.

7. The method of claim wherein said material comprises a refractory material.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein said material is a Welsbach material.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the number of said dispersed particles per unit area in the particle layer is greater than or equal to 1/.sigma..sub.abs 1, where 1 is the thickness of the particle layer and .sigma..sub.abs is the absorption coefficient of the particles at the far infrared wavelengths.

10. A method for reducing atmospheric warming due to the greenhouse effect resulting from a greenhouse gases layer, comprising the following step:

seeding the greenhouse gases' layer with a quantity of tiny particles of a material characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity or reflectivity, in that said materials have high emissivities in the visible and far infrared wavelength spectra and low emissivity in the near infrared wavelength spectrum,

whereby said particles are suspended within said gases' layer and provide a means for converting radiative energy at near infrared wavelengths into radiation at the far infrared wavelengths, permitting some of the converted radiation to escape into space.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein said material comprises one or more of the oxides of metals.

12. The method of claim 10 wherein said material comprises aluminum oxide.

13. The method of claim 10 wherein said material is thorium oxide.

14. The method of claim 10 wherein said seeding is performed at altitudes in the range of seven to thirteen kilometers above the earth's surface.

15. The method of claim 10 wherein said material comprises a refractory material.

16. The method of claim 10 wherein said particle size is in range of ten to one hundred microns.

17. The method of claim 10 wherein said material is a Welsbach material.

18. The method of claim 10 wherein the number of said dispersed particles per unit area in the particle layer is greater than or equal to 1/.sigma..sub.abs 1, where 1 is the thickness of the particle layer and .sigma..sub.abs is the absorption coefficient of the particles at the far infrared wavelengths.
Description


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a method for the reduction of global warming resulting from the greenhouse effect, and in particular to a method which involves the seeding of the earth's stratosphere with Welsbach-like materials.

Global warming has been a great concern of many environmental scientists. Scientists believe that the greenhouse effect is responsible for global warming. Greatly increased amounts of heat-trapping gases have been generated since the Industrial Revolution. These gases, such as CO.sub.2, CFC, and methane, accumulate in the atmosphere and allow sunlight to stream in freely but block heat from escaping (greenhouse effect). These gases are relatively transparent to sunshine but absorb strongly the long-wavelength infrared radiation released by the earth.

Most current approaches to reduce global warming are to restrict the release of various greenhouse gases, such as CO.sub.2, CFC, and methane. These imply the need to establish new regulations and the need to monitor various gases and to enforce the regulations.

One proposed solution to the problem of global warming involves the seeding of the atmosphere with metallic particles. One technique proposed to seed the metallic particles was to add the tiny particles to the fuel of jet airliners, so that the particles would be emitted from the jet engine exhaust while the airliner was at its cruising altitude. While this method would increase the reflection of visible light incident from space, the metallic particles would trap the long wavelength blackbody radiation released from the earth. This could result in net increase in global warming.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for reduction of global warming due to the greenhouse effect which permits heat to escape through the atmosphere.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method is disclosed for reducing atmospheric warming due to the greenhouse effect resulting from a greenhouse gases layer. The method comprises the step of seeding the greenhouse gas layer with a quantity of tiny particles of materials characterized by wavelength-dependent emissivity or reflectivity, in that said materials have high emissivities in the visible and far infrared wavelength regions and low emissivity in the near infrared wavelength region. Such materials can include the class of materials known as Welsbach materials. The oxides of metal, e.g., aluminum oxide, are also suitable for the purpose. The greenhouse gases layer typically extends between about seven and thirteen kilometers above the earth's surface. The seeding of the stratosphere occurs within this layer. The particles suspended in the stratosphere as a result of the seeding provide a mechanism for converting the blackbody radiation emitted by the earth at near infrared wavelengths into radiation in the visible and far infrared wavelength so that this heat energy may be reradiated out into space, thereby reducing the global warming due to the greenhouse effect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment thereof, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a model for the heat trapping phenomenon, i.e., the greenhouse effect.

FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the intensity of sunlight incident on earth and of the earth's blackbody radiation as a function of wavelength.

FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an ideal emissivity versus wavelength function for the desired particle material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 shows a model for the heat-trapping (greenhouse effect) phenomenon. It is assumed that the greenhouse gases are concentrated at altitudes between y=0 (at some altitude Y.sub.1, above the earth's surface) and y=1. Regardless of the sunshine reflected back into space, i.sub.1 and i.sub.2 denote the shortwavelength sunlight energies that are absorbed by the earth's surface and the greenhouse gases, respectively. Available data shows that i.sub.1 =0.45 i.sub.sol and i.sub.2 =0.25 i.sub.sol, where i.sub.sol is the total flux from the sun. The short wavelength sunlight heats up the greenhouse gases and the earth surface, and this energy is eventually reradiated out in the long wavelength infrared region.

FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the intensity of sunlight and the earth's blackbody radiation as a function of wavelength. As illustrated, some 30% of the sunlight energy is in the near infrared region. The earth's blackbody radiation, on the other hand, is at the far infrared wavelength.

Referring again to FIG. 1, I.sub.s, I.sub.+, I.sub.-, I.sub.g and I.sub.e represent the fluxes in the infrared wavelength region, where I.sub.s and I.sub.g are the fluxes reradiated by the greenhouse gases toward the sky and ground, respectively; I.sub.e is the flux reradiated by the earth; and I.sub.+ and I.sub.- are fluxes within the gases radiating toward the space and ground, respectively. I.sub.+ and I.sub.- are functions of y, e.g., I.sub.+ (0) is the I.sub.+ flux at y=0. Considering the principles of energy conservation and continuity at boundaries, the following relationships are obtained:

where R.sub.o, R.sub.l and R are the reflectivities at the y=0 and y=1 boundaries and at the earth's surface. I.sub.BB (T.sub.e) is the blackbody radiation flux at the earth's temperature T.sub.e. Within the greenhouse gases' layer, the energy equations are

where I.sub.BB (T.sub.g) is the blackbody radiation flux at the greenhouse gases' temperature T.sub.g, and .alpha. is the absorption coefficient of the gases. The solutions of equations 8 and 9 are given by equations 10 and 11:

To illustrate the effects of R.sub.o and R.sub.l on the green-house effect, the extreme case is considered wherein a high concentration of greenhouse gases has strong absorption in the infrared region; that is, for y=1, e.sup.-.alpha.l approaches 0. Then, using Equations 3 and 4, the relationships of Equations 12 and 13 are obtained.

From Equations 5 and 7,

or

From Equations 2 and 1,

or

Combining Equations 14 and 15, the relationship of Equation 16 is obtained.

Finally, Equation 6 gives the blackbody radiation from the earth's surface in terms of i.sub.1 and i.sub.2 and the three reflectivities:

or

To achieve a lower temperature of the earth, (considering i.sub.1, i.sub.2 and R as constants), it is desirable to make R and R.sub.l as small as possible.

Known refractory materials have a thermal emissivity function which is strongly wavelength dependent. For example, the materials may have high emissivity (and absorption) at the far infrared wavelengths, high emissivity in the visible wavelength range, and very low emissivity at intermediate wavelengths. If a material having those emissivity characteristics and a black body are exposed to IR energy of equal intensity, the selective thermal radiator will emit visible radiation with higher efficiency (if radiation cooling predominates), i.e., the selective thermal radiator will appear brighter than the black body. This effect is known as the Welsbach effect and is extensively used in commercial gas lantern mantles.

Welsbach materials have the characteristic of wavelength-dependent emissivity (or reflectivity). For example, thorium oxide (ThO.sub.2) has high emissivities in the visible and far IR regions but it has low emissivity in the near IR region. So, in accordance with the invention, the layer of greenhouse gases is seeded with Welsbach or Welsbach-like materials which have high emissivities (and thus low reflectivities) in the visible and 8-12 micrometer infrared regions, which has the effect of reducing R.sub.o and R.sub.l while introducing no effect in the visible range.

A desired material for the stratospheric seeding has a reflection coefficient close to unity for near IR radiation, and a reflection coefficient close to zero (or emissity close to unity) for far IR radiation. FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an ideal emissivity versus wavelength function for the desired material. Another class of materials having the desired property includes the oxides of metals. For example, aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) is one metal oxide suitable for the purpose and which is relatively inexpensive.

It is presently believed that particle sizes in the ten to one hundred micron range would be suitable for the seeding purposes. Larger particles would tend to settle to the earth more quickly.

The particles in the required size range can be obtained with conventional methods of grinding and meshing.

It is believed that the number of particles n.sub.d per unit area in the particle layer should be defined by Equation 18:

where 1 is the thickness of the particle layer and .sigma..sub.abs is the absorption coefficient of the particles at the long IR wavelengths. One crude estimate of the density of particles is given by Equation (19):

where c is the speed of light, m is the average particle mass, e is the electron charge, and w is the absorption line width in sec.sup.-1.

The greenhouse gases are typically in the earth's stratosphere at an altitude of seven to thirteen kilometers. This suggests that the particle seeding should be done at an altitude on the order of 10 kilometers. The particles may be seeded by dispersal from seeding aircraft; one exemplary technique may be via the jet fuel as suggested by prior work regarding the metallic particles. Once the tiny particles have been dispersed into the atmosphere, the particles may remain in suspension for up to one year.

It is understood that the above-described embodiment is merely illustrative of the possible specific embodiments which may represent principles of the present invention. Other arrangements may readily be devised in accordance with these principles by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

[link to patft.uspto.gov]
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 137980


Why do you assume all these things are related? How do you connect them with each other, through facts.

Posting a list of things and acting as if it has been proven that they have anything logically and physically, to bind them with each other.

Is it normal to just assume that you understand all facets of the research involving all these things?

Nope.

Why are "they" "seeding" without clouds to seed? Are they simply dropping stuff on us? Is it just undetectable? I call complete BS!





GLP