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White Americans are both genetically weaker and less diverse than their black compatriots, a Cornell University-led study finds.

Analyzing the genetic makeup of 20 Americans of European ancestry and 15 African-Americans, researchers found that the former showed much less variation among 10,000 tested genes than did the latter, which was expected.

They also found that Europeans had many more possibly harmful mutations than did African, which was a surprise.


"Since we tend to think of European populations as quite large, we did not expect to see a significant difference in the distribution of neutral and deleterious variation between the two populations," said senior co-author Carlos Bustamante, an assistant professor of biological statistics and computational biology at Cornell.

It's been known for years that all non-Africans are descended from a small group, perhaps only a few dozen individuals, who left the continent between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago.

But the Cornell study, published in the journal Nature Thursday, indicates that Europeans went through a second "population bottleneck," probably about 30,000 years ago, when the ancestral population was again reduced to relatively few in number.

A scan of all the mutations in the human gene map shows something surprising – people of European descent are evolving fast, and not for the better.

The study finds that in the past 5,000 years, European-Americans have developed a HUGE batch of potentially harmful genetic mutations – many more than African-Americans.

The study, published in the journal Nature, may help explain why so many people develop diseases even though they don’t have common genetic mutations. It can also help explain why different people have so many different reactions to the same drug, said Joshua Akey of the University of Washington in Seattle who led the study.

“The things that allowed us to go from millions to billions of has also been the same process that has been pumping in all these new mutations.”

Akey and colleagues at genetics institutions across the country examined the gene sequences of more than 6,500 people – more than 4,200 European-Americans and 2,200 African-Americans. They were looking for small changes in the genetic code called single nucleotide variants – one-letter differences in the genetic code of A,C, T and G.

They found “an enormous excess of rare variants” in the European-Americans. And 73 percent of these mutations only appeared in the human genome in the past 5,000 to 10,000 years. Most were mutations that are known to weaken proteins, Akey said, and most of these harmful mutations were also in the people of European descent.

There may even be more evolution in the future, Akey predicted. One example – phenylketonuria or PKU. It’s caused by a mutation in a gene that breaks down an amino acid called phenylalanine. People with PKU mutations must eat a strict, low-protein diet or they can develop seizures and mental retardation.

Now newborns are routinely tested for PKU so they can start the diet immediately and avoid any brain damage. Akey said because these kids can now grow up and lead normal lives, they will likely start having children and the gene may become more common in the population.

Population bottlenecks occur when a population's size is reduced for at least one generation. Because genetic drift acts more quickly to reduce genetic variation in small populations, undergoing a bottleneck can reduce a population's genetic variation by a lot, even if the bottleneck doesn't last for very many generations. This is illustrated by the bags of marbles shown below, where, in generation 2, an unusually small draw creates a bottleneck.

Loss of genetic variation as a result of a population bottleneck

Reduced genetic variation means that the population may not be able to adapt to new selection pressures, such as climatic change or a shift in available resources, because the genetic variation that selection would act on may have already drifted out of the population.

New genomic data suggests that when Europeans emerged from the last ice age they were close to becoming extinct.

In some cases, small bands of potentially as few as 20 to 30 people could have been moving over very large areas, over the whole of Europe as a single territory, according to Professor Ron Pinhasi, principal investigator on the EU-funded ADNABIOARC project.

This demographic model is based on new evidence that suggests populations were much smaller than is generally thought to be a stable size for healthy reproduction, usually around 500 people. Such small groupings may have led to reduced fitness and even extinctions.

‘As an archaeologist and anthropologist, I was quite shocked to see how limited, how small the population numbers were. You know, shockingly small,’ said Prof. Pinhasi, based at University College Dublin, Ireland.

‘I think that what happened, it’s on a catastrophic level of demography for a long time in human evolution,’ he said.

The impacts of this are significant for understanding the origins of many Europeans today, as it is forcing researchers to reconsider models of human expansion and colonisation of the continent, as well as our genetic ancestry.

By analysing the genomes of human remains, the researchers are able to gather demographic data and clues to potential population sizes.

Prof. Pinhasi’s team has found that the genomes sequenced from hunter-gatherers from Hungary and Switzerland between 14 000 to 7 500 years ago are very close to specimens from Denmark or Sweden from the same period.

These findings suggest that genetic diversity between inhabitants of most of western and central Europe after the ice age was very limited, indicating a major demographic bottleneck triggered by human isolation and extinction during the ice age.

‘You see a real reduction in population numbers and diversity, so you see the few lineages that probably split or separated before the ice age, and then stayed isolated during the ice age,’ he said. ‘Some time after the ice age, they kind of re-emerge, or disperse, and get together, as we see new contributions to European lineages from Asia and in particular the Near East.’

I didn't see color, I seen a big fat mutant ass. Fuck you race baiting mother fuckers!

If you really believe that I'll prove to you its bullshit. What 'African ethnic' origins do they have? Do you realize there are over 3000 ethnicities in Africa? Which one is the father/mother of all American Negresses? You don't know? Well if you don't know that then how the hell do you know what their ethnic origins are? Answer: you don't. You're just repeating bullshit someone else told you for their own gain. You couldn't move 12 million people across the ocean now, today. There's no way they were doing that in wooden sail boats at 400 people a pop. The logistics alone don't make any sense.

The fact that you feel the need to juggle multiple VPN's to screech how much you hate the White race shows how salty you are about being a female incel.

I suggest you should move back to mother Africa so you can be as far away from White oppression as humanely possible and among your own kind who are much more likely to treat you like a queen and put you on the pedestal you feel you deserve.

Go home black woman. Your homeland awaits you.

You clearly have a political agenda, in which I am not interested.

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You're full of shit.


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You're full of shit.



Full of shit. N'egroes have the most genetic diversity, the greatest diversity in skin color, the greatest diversity in hair type (From thick and woolly to long and straight, from nearly black to blonde with NO European admixture, like the Melanesians).




We look the same to you because facial memories, like pheromones, are race specific. We only separate faces from our own race since other races faces don't appear in our racial facial profile. This is how you know we're not 'all the same.'



Stop projecting. N'egroes have HIGHER IQs than you malicious race of selfish and ugly idiots.




So not only does your weakened, terrible genetics mean you have weaker, uglier bodies than N'egroes, but it also means you're less intelligent than we are as well. Go figure. You've been lying all this time because you can't accept the fact that you are so lame.



Projection. You're just a race of malevolent arrogant liars. All the scientific evidence proves that it is YOU that have a very high genetic disease rate, genetic bottlencks from incest and animal lovin' and plagues that you barely survived. You need at least 500 people to have a healthy genetic population profile. You barely survived in small bands of 20-30. N'egroes NEVER went through anything like that. You're just arrogant, ignorant, lying filthy pigs.



You're a fucking liar. You didn't give us SHIT. You didn't know how to bathe or wash your ass until 1850 you dumb motherfucker. You didn't have sewage in Europe until then you stupid lying piece of shit.



Notice the projection! They can't deal with facts straight on, so they accuse you of what they're guilty of!



Again I never said we wanted to procreate with you. In fact I said the opposite, so you're trying to use reverse psychology here. Do you see how desperate they are to sleep with us? They are racist xenophobes but they try oh so hard to confuse you and sexually poach you. Because they KNOW their genes are WACK. They KNOW they need melanin to survive here and WON'T GET IT. So they're desperate while trying to hide how desperate they are!

All you men are so bootie racistt

How about rate a dik for a change?

Or maybe not as they are fugly and the big black ones look like long turds

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Imagine wasting your time going through mental gymnastics to try to convince others of how attractive and superior you are while at the same viciously attacking their race with lies and Jewish Hollywood originated stereotypes.

We don't care what you think regardless of what you say so stop wasting your time. Perhaps do something useful and be an exception to your race. The indigenous tribes of Africa have looked the same with mud huts and what not since the beginning of time while on the other hand, Europeans have built highly mathematical and elaborate concrete empires even before biblical times.

By the way, you believe so strongly that Whites are so into beastiality but yet the AIDS virus (sexually transmitted disease) originated in Africa from the monkeys. It mutated and spread to humans. The original virus is called Simian immunodeficiency syndrome or SIDS for short. AIDS is short for ACQUIRED immunodeficiency syndrome. How did blacks acquire it? You do the math.

There's not a single lie in my posts. I challenge you to provide your scientific research that contradicts the genetic assertions made by Cornell University, the journal Nature, and the EU's genetic project. Otherwise YOU'RE the liar.



I know the truth hurts so you have nothing left but lies and projection. Perhaps you should stop making fun of people you don't know online. Do something productive with your time and be an exception to your race.


AIDS was created in a lab by your scientists as a sexual/genetic weapon. IT FAILED LOSER!

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Imagine the Smell.

A scene with which i'm sure you're very familiar.

Bahahahaha

It's so big like there are jelly watermelons in her pants.

It's so crazy and she is like nibiru picking up space debris in her gravitational field...the debris being black guys with phones filming

Ffs

You're projecting. We don't care about you and definitely don't want to be you. You're not even girlie men, you're just girls. You're the ones who are voluntarily going out of your way to impersonate us and lie about us online.

Bahahahaha

It's so big like there are jelly watermelons in her pants.

It's so crazy and she is like nibiru picking up space debris in her gravitational field...the debris being black guys with phones filming

Ffs

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Lolmis that why black “women” straighten their hair, buy fake white women hair, dress like white women?

Is that why rich black guys whiten their skin? Or wear suits?

How come none of you wear your actual clothes from your people? Or speak your own language? Or make and buy your own cars, houses, electronics?

Imitate you? LOL clown!