Pharmacodynamics

Ivermectin and other avermectins (insecticides most frequently used in home-use ant baits) are macrocyclic lactones derived from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis. Ivermectin kills by interfering with nervous system and muscle function, in particular by enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission.

The drug binds and activates glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls).[16] GluCls are invertebrate-specific members of the Cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels present in neurons and myocytes.

Pharmacokinetics

Ivermectin can be given either by mouth or injection. It does not readily cross the blood brain barrier of mammals due to the presence of P-glycoprotein[17], although crossing may still become significant if ivermectin is given at high doses (in which case, brain levels peak 2.5 hours after administration).

In contrast to mammals, ivermectin can cross the blood brain barrier in tortoises, often with fatal consequences


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