Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. | |
aether User ID: 929071 United Kingdom 04/02/2010 10:54 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. The conscious field is a real field. There is an information field, which is charge and magnatism. That is not the same as the knowledge field (edgar cayce akashic records). The conscious field is seperate from those two fields of information and knowledge. I think it takes a three field overlap. A informational field overlaped by a conscious field can access the knowledge field creating synethesia realites of higher order where the download is complete. The knowledge field is similar to the gut instinct....you just know. Also psychedelic experiences allow for this universal knowledge to be downloaded. DMT is part of the link. sometimes it just blows me away in one big smile |
Neuromancer
User ID: 933318 Australia 04/03/2010 01:27 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. I thought you were the poet, Aether :) How old you must feel Xenus, reminiscing on the "golden age" .. You've been an avid contributor to GLP. Awesome work, I thank you. - Found more about FLUFFY's relatives :)- sourced from: [link to www.iceinspace.com.au] ..................... Dr. Donald Scott was recently (March 2009) invited to present at NASA's Goddard Engineering Colloquium. "Plasma Physics' Answer to the New Cosmological Questions" ABSTRACT -- It is becoming evident that the experimentally verifiable results of the last century of study of the plasma state of matter are applicable in the clarification of certain anomalous astronomical observations. The work of pioneers such as Birkeland, Langmuir, and Alfvén are briefly reviewed as examples of this. Some basics of the characteristics of both laboratory and cosmic plasma are included - such as the properties of double layers, plasma operating modes, and the causes of filamentation. Rotation profiles of spiral galaxies, pulsar emissions, magnetic reconnection, and the stability of neutron stars are discussed from the point of view of the known properties of plasmas and electromagnetic fields. The presentation attempts to motivate the realization that 'new science' should not be invoked unless and until all aspects of what we already know, including plasma physics and basic electromagnetism, have been exhaustively applied in the investigation of what appear to be astronomical anomalies. Text Summary: [link to ecolloq.gsfc.nasa.gov] Last Edited by Neuromancer on 04/03/2010 08:53 PM |
Neuromancer
User ID: 933318 Australia 04/03/2010 01:33 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. And here is a PDF article worth reading in regards to: The Magnetic Universe BY BRYAN GAENSLER [link to www.australasianscience.com.au] Magnets are everywhere, but we don’t know how they got here. The discovery that interstellar space is magnetic was unexpected and remarkable.(yet predicted, theorised and modelled by Nobel Laureatte Hannes Alfven Then computer simulated by his Alfven's student and NASA Professor Anthony Perratt in 1986 ) [link to commons.wikimedia.org] But is this just a piece of cosmic trivia, or is magnetism an important part of the big picture? It turns out that many previously unsolved problems in astronomy suddenly make sense once one includes the effects of interstellar magnetism. As far as life on Earth is concerned, probably the most crucial role that magnets play in space is in the formation of new stars. Take a moment to look at the galaxy image in the pdf, and Perrats 1986 magnetic simulations and his animated version ( [link to www.plasma-universe.com] All that is needed is Maxwell's magnetic equations. Peratt, A. L.; Green, J. C., "On the evolution of interacting, magnetized, galactic plasmas", [link to adsabs.harvard.edu] FULL TEXT Astrophysics and Space Science (ISSN 0004-640X), vol. 91, no. 1, March 1983, p. 19-33. PEER REVIEWED another extract from the PDF Just in the past 10 years a new class of stars, “magnetars”, has been discovered. These bizarre beasts are only about 25 km across, and appear to be the most magnetic objects in the Universe, with magnetic fields up to a quadrillion (1,000,000,000,000,000) times stronger than the Earth’s! In comparison, the most powerful magnet ever constructed in the laboratory produces a field that is a mere million times stronger than the Earth’s. Last Edited by Neuromancer on 04/03/2010 08:09 PM |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 918740 Netherlands 04/03/2010 01:44 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. Pathmarajah Administrator Posts: 324 From: Penang Registered: Jul 2004 posted October 24, 2006 01:19 PM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Inner Visions The opening of our inner vision of the 'third eye' is a gift and blessing from god. It cannot be obtained by our effort. It is bestowed on us when we have reached a stage when much of our karmas have been resolved. An indication of this stage is when we feel we have lost our identities of race, religion, ***, nationalities and attachment to doctrines, notions of right and wrong, and good and bad. When all this begin to appear the same or evokes no emotions than its an indication of our stage of maturity. Round about this time a person begins to have spiritual experiences; hearing of metaphysical sounds, metaphysical dreams and visions or at least some views of the inner sights while in worship or meditation. When the third eye opens, there is a flow of inner sight (awareness/chit)), flow of ecstasic love (aanandam) and flow of instant intuitive knowing (njaanam/omniscience) that does not require any conscious thinking and rationale. All these three experiences happens together. An aspirant usually takes some years to properly identify and 'manage' these newfound faculties. Neither do we choose to have inner sights, as it happens spontaneously. They, the gods, choose to let us see whatever they want us to know and experience. We have no control over this nor can it be replicated or repeated. Also there is nothing we can do or achieve with these newfound faculties. We remain as powerless as before, even come to realise that we are even more powerless, and that we have been absolutely powerless all along. These are gifts that cannot be used. There is no omnipotence. It just gives as great transcosmic understanding. In the beginning one sees with the third eye but the physical eyes closed. Later when one has become an adept at understanding these new faculties after some years, only then can one see with the third eye even with the physical eyes still open. This is suggested in the icon of Lord Dakshinamoorthy where His eyes is half closed! Pathma [link to www.siddha.com.my] |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 918740 Netherlands 04/03/2010 01:51 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. Webmaster unregistered posted October 20, 2006 12:42 PM [link to www.siddha.com.my] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sleep Knowing or Metaphysical Dream Knowing Realisations during the sleep state or inactive sleep, is also known as 'ari thuyil' meaning sleep knowing. thirumUlar aruLiya thirumandhiram mudhal thanthiram upathEcam 10th thirumuRai thirucciRRambalam thUN^gik kaNDAr civalOkamum tham uLLE thUN^gik kaNDAr civayOgamum tham uLLE thUN^gik kaNDAr civabOgamum tham uLLE thUN^gik kaNDAr n^ilai colvathu evvARE thirucciRRambalam Meaning: Sleeping, they saw the world of shiva (sivaloka) in themselves! Sleeping, they saw the union with shiva (sivayogam) in themselves! Sleeping, they saw the bliss of shiva (sivabogam) in themselves! How to say the state of those who saw (while) sleeping! Notes: 1. The inactive sleep, is where one finds the territory of God, the way to approach God and to enjoy that God! Glorious is that surrender! shaivam.org |
Neuromancer
User ID: 933318 Australia 04/03/2010 07:28 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. Let's get back to on topic. For all those that want to cover some fundamentals .. may I present Walter Lewin. Brilliant lecturer, this IS how to learn! Transcript - Lecture 1: What holds our world together? - Electric Charges (Historical) - Polarization - Electric Force - Coulomb's Law I'm Walter Lewin. My lectures will in general not be a repeat of your book but they will be complementary to the book. The book will support my lectures. My lectures will support the book. You will not see any tedious derivations in my lectures. For that we have the book. But I will stress the concepts and I will make you see beyond the equations, beyond the concepts. I will show you whether you like it or not that physics is beautiful. And you may even start to like it. I suggest you do not slip up, not even one day, eight o two is not easy. We have new concepts every week and before you know you may be too far behind. Electricity and magnetism is all around us. ...... .... and if you're HUNGRY FOR MORE ... [link to ocw.mit.edu] Last Edited by Neuromancer on 04/03/2010 07:40 PM |
Xenus_nli User ID: 869756 Australia 04/04/2010 02:58 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. Quoting: Neuromancer Thanks for the videos, watching the first lot, this is exactly what needs to happen, scientific minds coming together and working together. Astronomers should know by now that there is much we cannot see with optics, dark mode plasma, it's right above us in the ionosphere and magnetosphere yet we cannot see it until a high voltage, high current solar wind or coronal wind enter our atmosphere and create aurora. When observations show us one thing but our theories tell us another, it's extremely obvious what is correct and what is not. It's no different to having a belief and trying to make observations fit your beliefs, it just leads to more bullshit and errors and make believe. |
aether User ID: 933473 United Kingdom 04/04/2010 10:55 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. Light Bends Matter, Surprising Scientists 24 March 2010 Light can twist matter, according to a new study that observed ribbons of nanoparticles twisting in response to light. The discovery was so novel, the researchers were skeptical of their own results at first. "I didn't believe it at the beginning," said lead researcher Nicholas Kotov, an engineer at the University of Michigan. "To be honest, it took us three and a half years to really figure out how photons of light can lead to such a remarkable change in rigid structures a thousand times bigger than molecules. [link to www.livescience.com] you know why it twists/coils |
aether User ID: 933473 United Kingdom 04/04/2010 11:24 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. The conscious field is a real field. There is an information field, which is charge and magnatism. That is not the same as the knowledge field (edgar cayce akashic records). The conscious field is seperate from those two fields of information and knowledge. I think it takes a three field overlap. A informational field overlaped by a conscious field can access the knowledge field creating synethesia realites of higher order where the download is complete. The knowledge field is similar to the gut instinct....you just know. thinking: the internet may interact with some or all of those fields? could explain why some interact and feel they know each other via contact within the net? if the net does, some realy will know each other |
aether User ID: 933473 United Kingdom 04/04/2010 11:27 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
aether User ID: 933473 United Kingdom 04/04/2010 11:30 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. once contact is established via the net, there is no reason for that contact not to flow into the fields, mind to mind, no internet required could explain many things |
Neuromancer
User ID: 933318 Australia 04/04/2010 12:52 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. repost for english :4: Quoting: aether 933473once contact is established via the net, there is no reason for that contact not to flow into the fields, mind to mind, no internet required could explain many things Right on. Information wants to interact. I've had my own theory of how our brain cells communicate since the early 90's. It is surprisingly (or not) similar to what you're describing. Neuromancer's Brain Cell Model (in easy to comprehend terms) We all know that humans use 10% (an arbitrary figure they keep throwing around) of their brain power. I like to think of it on a cellular level. Hold out you hands in front of you with your fingers extended, palms towards you. Now with your middle finger of you right hand, touch the opposite forearm. You've made your very own Brain Cell Model. In this simple model, each hand/arm is a single brain cell; your hands represent the Soma; the palm of your hand contains the Nucleus; your fingers representing Dendrites. Your forearms are Axons, and the area where your middle finger touched, is where the Axon Terminals would be located [link to en.wikipedia.org] Now lets analyse this model. Brain cells communicate by passing signals (chemical messengers also called neurotransmitters) from one cell to another. In our model, from one hand to the other. Each cell has a place to receive the chemical that carries the message (in our model your fingers / these are called receptors). The chemical must cross a small space between each cell to be successful. Very important, although I told you to touch your forearm, in actuality there is a GAP, not unlike a Double Layer. This INTERACTION ZONE, is where Information is TRANSMITTED. In the space between the sending cell and the receiving cell specific enzymes can affect the message. [link to i.livescience.com] Nerve cells make thousands of special connection points with each other called synapses. On one side is a store of neurotransmitter – the chemical signal. On the other side are the specialized ion channels that contain a recognition site for the neurotransmitter. The electrical signal is unable to cross the gap between the two sides of the synapse. (separation of charged particles/ double layer) When an action potential arrives at the synapse, the voltage change causes calcium channels to open and calcium pours into the cell. This rise in calcium is a trigger for release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic space where they open clusters of ion channels on the other side of the synapse. Different transmitters are used for increasing (glutamate, acetylcholine) or reducing (glycine, gamma-amino-butyric acid) the electrical activity of the recipient cell. The balance between excitatory and inhibitory activity from all synapses will determine the opening of voltage dependent ion channels and another round of electrical activity in the next cell. [link to www.thenakedscientists.com] (very nicely written piece) Now for my theories: Still holding your Brain Cell Model in front of you :) 1) Dendrites Outnumber Transmitters: If you took all the chemicals and enzymes that allow transmission of Information at any one point of time you would only be able to connect about 10% to 20% of the Dendrites in your brain. In our model this can be thought of by only the Middle fingers being used to transmit a signal. Imagine your left middle finger is connected to another Arm(Axon), the Information passes from your left middle finger, through the palm (Nucleus), down your arm (Axon), and out the hairs of your arm (Axon terminal) and because of the presence of transmitters, your right Middle finger receives that signal, and proceeds to interpret and repeats the signal. [[ to be continued .. too tired right now, had a big day :) ]] |
aether User ID: 933473 United Kingdom 04/04/2010 12:59 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. Study: Magnetic Waves Alter Moral Compass MIT Researchers Find That Magnetic Pulses Directed at Brain Change People's Ability to Tell Right from Wrong A device that emits an invisible beam affecting a person's ability to tell right from wrong might sound like the kind of weapon a comic book villain would use to wreak havoc around the world. Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology say such a device allowed them to observe the effects magnetic rays have on a person's sense of morality. In a new study, volunteers were subjected to magnetic pulses just above and behind of the right ear, focusing on the area of the brain believed to be the area controlling morality. The pulses were intended to block cell activity that contributed to the volunteers' sense of right and wrong. [link to www.cbsnews.com] |
aether User ID: 934322 United Kingdom 04/05/2010 09:49 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. clever thinking continued....... SPACE WEATHER ADVISORY BULLETIN #10- 1 2010 April 05 at 12:13 p.m. MST (2010 April 05 1213 UTC) **** STRONG GEOMAGNETIC STORM IN PROGRESS **** A geomagnetic storm began at 05:55 AM EST Monday, April 5, 2010. Space weather storm levels reached Strong (G3) levels on the Geomagnetic Storms Space Weather Scale. The source of the storming is an Earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejection associated with a weak solar flare that occurred in Active Region 1059 on April 3 at 05:54 AM EST. [link to www.swpc.noaa.gov] earthquake watch....... ~2 days Japan longitude ~12 days US West Coast longitude ~13 days Oklahoma longitude ~15 days US east coast longitude ~26 days mid Atlantic ridge longitude ~30 days west coast Europe longitude ~45-50 full circuit |
Xenus
User ID: 869756 Australia 04/06/2010 02:29 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. Plasma Temperature and Density at Geostationary Orbit and AE Index [link to www2.nict.go.jp] [link to www2.nict.go.jp] From the unusually strong storm yesterday. The plasma got stirred up, mixed and heated really well... Solar wind got past 800 km/s which is strange considering it's been lingering at under 300-400 km/s for the past few years. Good old "static" electricity. Almost all but forgotten, rarely explained properly, but electric fields are as important, if not more than magnetic fields. Field electron emission Field emission (FE) (also known as electron field emission) is an emission of electrons induced by external electromagnetic fields. Field emission can happen from solid and liquid surfaces, or individual atoms into vacuum or open air, or result in promotion of electrons from the valence to conduction band of semiconductors. The terminology is historical because related phenomena of surface photoeffect, thermionic emission or Richardson-Dushman effect and "cold electronic emission", i.e. the emission of electrons in strong static (or quasi-static) electric fields, were discovered and studied independently from 1880s to 1930s. When field emission is used without qualifiers it typically means the "cold emission." Field emission in pure metals occurs in high electric fields: the gradients are typically higher than 1000 volts per micron and strongly dependent upon the work function. Electron sources based on field emission have a number of applications, but it is most commonly an undesirable primary source of vacuum breakdown and electrical discharge phenomena, which engineers work to prevent. Examples of applications for surface field emission include construction of bright electron sources for high-resolution electron microscopes or to discharge spacecraft from induced charges. Devices which eliminate induced charges are termed charge-neutralizers. Field emission was explained by quantum tunneling of electrons in the late 1920s. This was one of the triumphs of the nascent quantum mechanics. The theory of field emission from bulk metals was proposed by Fowler and Nordheim.[1] A family of approximate equations, "Fowler–Nordheim equations", is named after them. Strictly, Fowler-Nordheim equations apply only to field emission from bulk metals and (with suitable modification) to other bulk crystalline solids, but they are often used – as a rough approximation – to describe field emission from other materials. In some respects, field electron emission is a paradigm example of what physicists mean by tunneling. Unfortunately, it is also a paradigm example of the intense mathematical difficulties that can arise. Simple solvable models of the tunneling barrier lead to equations (including the original 1928 Fowler-Nordheim-type equation) that get predictions of emission current density too low by a factor of 100 or more. If one inserts a more realistic barrier model into the simplest form of the Schrödinger equation, then an awkward mathematical problem arises over the resulting differential equation: it is known to be mathematically impossible in principle to solve this equation exactly in terms of the usual functions of mathematical physics, or in any simple way. To get even an approximate solution, it is necessary to use special approximate methods known in physics as "semi-classical" or "quasi-classical" methods. Worse, a mathematical error was made in the original application of these methods to field emission, and even the corrected theory that was put in place in the 1950s has been formally incomplete until very recently. A consequence of these (and other) difficulties has been a heritage of misunderstanding and disinformation that still persists in some current field emission research literature. This article tries to present a basic account of field emission "for the 21st century and beyond" that is free from these confusions. [link to en.wikipedia.org] Last Edited by Xenus on 04/06/2010 02:31 AM |
aether User ID: 934322 United Kingdom 04/06/2010 07:42 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. ~2 days Japan longitude Japan — Longitude: 138 00 E 7.8 NORTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA Update time = Tue Apr 6 23:40:49 UTC 2010 Thread: 7.7 NORTHERN SUMATRA, INDONESIA this is me thinking , not the guys whom are clever thinking but, it feels close |
aether User ID: 934322 United Kingdom 04/07/2010 09:43 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. this is what the clever thinkers say today: I strongly suspect we are in the midst of the wolf-gleissberg 80-120 year minima hiccup in solar activity and we are going to see Chile repeated in North America within ~12 days of the commencement of the event. A simple matter of days will tell the tale. 7th april 2010 not sure if they know it`s started or not, i don`t believe they do we will see |
aether User ID: 934322 United Kingdom 04/07/2010 09:56 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. 80–120 yr Long-term solar induced effects on the earth, past and predictions Abstract The 80–120 year solar Wolf-Gleissberg cycles have wide effects on the Earth’s environment. Studying past effects can throw light on future predictions of solar terrestrial relations at similar solar activity levels. Solar induced climate changes do happen at the turning points of such cycles when changes in solar spin rates occur. Reversing of North Atlantic Oscillations can be interpreted in terms of solar stimuli. The sudden abrupt rises of lakes levels and closed seas are solar forced. It is anticipated that the Aral and the Dead Sea will recover in the near future. Following drought conditions in African Equatorial lakes by the end of cycle 23 around 2008 ± 2 yr, cyclic rises and falls of lakes level are expected to be coherent with the weak cycles 24 to perhaps 26 when solar forcings will reverse or cease to exist. The Atlanto Canadian fish disappearance dilemma is a natural Wolf-Gleissberg cycle induced effect and is expected to recover in due time. [link to www.sciencedirect.com] |
aether User ID: 934322 United Kingdom 04/07/2010 10:26 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. this is interesting regarding clever thinkers: Earth struck by most powerful space storm in three years 06 April 2010 The most powerful geomagnetic storm since December 2006 struck the Earth on Monday, a day earlier than expected. On 3 April, the SOHO spacecraft spotted a cloud of charged particles called a coronal mass ejection (CME) shooting from the sun at 500 kilometres per second. This velocity suggested the front would reach Earth in roughly three days. "It hit earlier and harder than forecast," says Doug Biesecker of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Space Weather Prediction Center in Boulder, Colorado. Fortunately, the storm was not intense enough to interfere strongly with power grids or satellite navigation, but it did trigger dazzling auroras in places like Iceland [link to www.newscientist.com] |
aether User ID: 934322 United Kingdom 04/07/2010 10:33 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. it helps to visualise the mechanisms taking place when the above occurs Giant "Space Tornadoes" Spark Auroras on Earth Whirling at more than a million miles per hour, these invisible, funnel-shaped solar windstorms carry electrical currents of more than a hundred thousand amps—roughly ten times that of an average lightning strike—scientists announced Thursday. And they're huge: up to 44,000 miles (70,000 kilometers) long and wide enough to envelop Earth. Led by the University of California astrophysicist Andreas Keiling, scientists have made the most detailed measurements yet of the space tornadoes, also known as substorm current wedges. Their results shed light on how space tornadoes help spark auroras, also known as the southern or northern lights—the glowing colors that light up the night in polar regions. [link to news.nationalgeographic.com] |
Xenus
User ID: 869756 Australia 04/08/2010 01:33 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. Environment M.N. Vahia1 1 Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400 005, INDIA email: [email protected] Abstract Recent studies have shown that the local environment of the Sun is a complex one with the presence of several supernova shock bubbles and interstellar clouds. Even within this environment, the Sun is moving with a velocity of about 15 km/s toward the interior of the galaxy. We examine the changes in the local ISM environment experienced by the Sun in the past and then discuss the interaction of the Sun with these different environments. Lastly, we enquire how this must have changed the cosmic ray environment of the earth since this remains one of the few methods to test the changes in the local ISM environment over astronomical time scales. 1 Introduction Recent studies of the local interstellar medium reveal that the Sun is in a complex environment where at least three and probably more bubbles or cavities of probable supernova origin are interacting (see e.g. Breitschwerdt, 2001, Frisch, 1995, 1998, Maiz-Apellaniz, 2001, Smith and Cox, 2001, and references therein). Reviews by Frisch (1998, 1995) have mapped the local interstellar matter (LISM) from several observations based on back scattering and extinction of soft X-rays coming from nearby sources. These maps show that the local interstellar medium is largely governed by a collection of at least three large bubbles or super bubbles that seem to be shells of supernova remnants of age between 5 and 10 Million years. A large bubble in which the Sun seems to be sitting is referred to as local bubble. These observations have been re-enforced by radio observations of more recent studies based on the measurements of the turbulence in the nearby pulsar radio emission due to the LISM plasma (Ramesh Bhat and Gupta, 2002, Ramesh Bhat, Gupta and Pramesh Rao, 2001). They have modeled the inferred plasma distribution into a 3 component model that gives a description of the LISM derived from Xray observations. Redfield and Linsky (2002) have attempted to study the UV observations of FeII, MgII and CaII to determine the structure of the LISM up to 100 pc. they have shown that combined studies of absorption features and Doppler shifts indicate a fairly non uniform distribution of the LISM. Further high resolution studies in ultraviolet (Shelton, 2002) and infrared bands (Franco, 2002) from select regions show that there is evidence of hot but quiescent plasma in the LISM. A more detailed compilation of the H lines in the Milky Way by Haffner (2002) has shown that conditions of the warm interstellar medium and diffuse ionised gas suggest a rich mix of filamentary structures in the ISM. Similarly, first results from the FUSE mission (Moos et al., 2002) suggest that UV emission in the the warm component of the local bubble is homogeneous indicating an old bubble. Some of these shells seem to be disintegrating and forming fluffy clouds that are drifting within these shells or loops (see also Ricardo and Beckman, 2001; Seth and Linsky, 2001; Smoker et al., 2002). Meisel, Diego and Mathews (2002) have calculated the detailed trajectories of several dust grains approaching the sun and shown that they are indeed of interstellar origin. The dust content of the bubble have been estimated from the Ulysses by Ingrid and Hirshi (2002). These observations are in good agreement of models with the ISM that involve several shells in dynamic equilibrium between slowly dying supernova remnants of age of the order of a few million years (e.g. Smith and Cox, 2001) that are slowly disintegrating into small clouds. |
Xenus
User ID: 869756 Australia 04/08/2010 01:52 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. Heliospheric Response to Different Possible Interstellar Environments Hans-Reinhard M¨uller1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755. [email protected] Priscilla C. Frisch Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637. [email protected] Vladimir Florinski and Gary P. Zank Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521. [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT At present, the heliosphere is embedded in a warm low density interstellar cloud that belongs to a cloud system flowing through the local standard of rest with a velocity near ∼18 km s−1. The velocity structure of the nearest interstellar material (ISM), combined with theoretical models of the local interstellar cloud (LIC), suggest that the Sun passes through cloudlets on timescales of ≤ 103–104 yr, so the heliosphere has been, and will be, exposed to different interstellar environments over time. By means of a multi-fluid model that treats plasma and neutral hydrogen self-consistently, the interaction of the solar wind with a variety of partially ionized ISM is investigated, with the focus on low density cloudlets such as are currently near the Sun. Under the assumption that the basic solar wind parameters remain/were as they are today, a range of ISM parameters (from cold neutral to hot ionized, with various densities and velocities) is considered. In response to different interstellar boundary conditions, the heliospheric size and structure change, as does the abundance of interstellar and secondary neutrals in the inner heliosphere, and the cosmic ray level in the vicinity of Earth. Some empirical relations between interstellar parameters and heliospheric boundary locations, as well as neutral densities, are extracted from the models. 1. INTRODUCTION The heliosphere is a low density cavity that is carved out from the local interstellar medium (LISM) by the solar wind. The size and particle content of the heliosphere are determined by the solar wind – LISM interaction, and they vary in response to the Galactic environment of the Sun as the Sun and interstellar clouds move through space. The path of the Sun has taken us through the Local Bubble void, and we have recently ( <∼ 103 −105 yr ago, depending on cloud shapes and densities) entered a clumpy flow of low density interstellar material (Frisch 1994). This clumpy flow, the “cluster of local interstellar cloudlets” (CLIC), is flowing away from the Sco-Cen association and extends 10–30 pc into the Galactic center hemisphere and <∼ 3 pc for many directions in the anticenter hemisphere. 6. For encounters with a high density interstellar cloud (∼15 cm−3, about 50 times the contemporary value), the particle fluxes arriving at Earth orbit, including interstellar neutrals, neutral solar wind, and cosmic rays will increase markedly. These changes potentially affect Earth’s atmosphere and its climate. The changes in particle fluxes just due to a higher interstellar velocity are less pronounced. 7. For the period when the Sun was embedded in the Local Bubble, particle fluxes were reduced substantially. Secondary particles like anomalous cosmic rays and neutral solar wind were entirely absent, and the galactic cosmic ray flux arriving at Earth was comparable to the contemporary flux, or even reduced, depending on the modulation model. |
Xenus
User ID: 869102 Netherlands 04/08/2010 03:35 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. Terrestrial atmospheric effects induced by counterstreaming dense interstellar cloud material A. Yeghikyan1 - H. Fahr2 1 - Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, 378433, Byurakan, Armenia 2 - Institute of Astrophysics and Extraterrestrial Research (IAER), University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany Received 15 April 2004 / Accepted 26 May 2004 Abstract The Solar System during its life has travelled more than 10 times through dense interstellar clouds with particle concentrations of 102-103 and more, compressing the heliosphere to heliopause dimensions smaller than 1 AU and thus bringing the Earth in immediate contact with the interstellar matter. For cloud concentrations greater than of 102 , the flowing interstellar material even at the Earth`s orbit remains completely shielded from solar wind protons and would only be subject to solar photoionization processes. We have developed a 2D-two-fluid gas-dynamical numerical code to describe the hydrodynamical behavior of the incoming interstellar gas near the Earth, taking into account both the photoionization and the gravity of the Sun. As we show, the resulting strongly increased neutral hydrogen fluxes ranging from 109 to 1011 cause substantial changes in the terrestrial atmosphere. During the phase of the immersion into the cloud the resulting flux of neutral hydrogen incident on the terrestrial atmosphere in the steady state would be balanced by the upward escape flux of H-atoms and the downward flux of water molecules, which is the product of the atmospheric hydrogen-oxygen chemistry via even-odd reaction schemes. In that case hydrogen acts as a chemical agent to remove oxygen atoms and to cause ozone concentration reductions above 50 km by a factor of 1.5 at the stratopause to about a factor of 1000 and more at the mesopause. Thus, depending on the specific encounter parameters the high mixing ratio of hydrogen in the Earth's atmosphere may substantially decrease the ozone concentration in the mesosphere and may trigger an ice age of relatively long duration. 1 Introduction From time to time, the Solar System on its galactic itinerary encounters various galactic objects, e.g. spiral arms (Leitch & Vasisht 1998; Shaviv 2003), star clusters and associations (Innanen 1996), galactic diffuse clouds (H I) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) (Talbot & Newman 1977), etc. Although all encounter probabilities are finite, only a few of them are high enough to make it worthwhile to consider them. All of these mentioned events correspond to different mean travel times of the solar system between consecutive encounters with the corresponding objects, e.g. depending on their distributions in the galactic plane, their sizes and their peculiar velocities. For example, neutral H I clouds, having a mean number density in the range from 10 to 100 and a radius of about a few pc, are objects fairly frequently encountered by the Sun, perhaps over 100 times since its birth 4.6 Gyr ago. The more dense GMCs, having densities of 103 or more, probably must have been encountered by the Sun about 5-10 times (see e.g., Talbot & Newman 1977). When such events happen (especially in the case of GMCs) the solar wind expansion region must be reduced to small scales, and the flow of solar coronal matter hence must be deflected into the heliotail within distances of less than 1 AU. Thus the Earth under these conditions should inevitably be immersed in the direct flow of the cloud material (see Yeghikyan & Fahr 2003), at least during its upwind orbital passage. Concerning this aspect it is interesting to note that Wimmer-Schweingruber & Bochsler (2000) have recently given clear hints that gas constituents implanted in cristalline surface layers of lunar soil grains can be taken as a record of encounters with dense interstellar clouds. [link to www.aanda.org] So basically if the heliosphere shrinks so much that we're no longer inside of it then it will rain biblically followed by another ice age. Last Edited by Xenus on 04/08/2010 03:36 PM |
aether User ID: 939398 United Kingdom 04/10/2010 08:56 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. Galactic magnetic fields were discovered more than 50 years ago. Astronomers continue to ask basic questions about the stars: what generates their magnetic fields? What gives those fields their shape and their strength? According to a recent press release, a team of astronomers using an updated analytical model of galaxy formation think they have found the answers. Cool gas falling into the galaxy, supernovae explosions, the birth of new stars, and the rotational energy of the galaxy itself are what create the fields. However, they are missing other factors in their equations since the models are not able to predict the fields observed in several spiral galaxies. How do scientists observe extrasolar magnetic fields? George Ellery Hale first plotted the Sun's magnetic field using the "Zeeman effect," or the change in position of Fraunhofer lines found in spectrograms of the Sun. Optical spectra indicate which chemicals can be found in the Sun, as well as other stars. By spreading starlight into its components like a prism does to white light, dark lines at specific places provide a way to determine a star's constituent elements. In the presence of a magnetic field, elements produce spectral lines that split and occupy different positions. Those changes in position are called the Zeeman effect. However, as a paper written by the investigation team states: "Such fields are important in star formation and the physics of cosmic rays, and could also have an effect on galaxy evolution, yet, despite their importance, questions about their origin, evolution and structure remain largely unsolved." It is not surprising that the magnetic field contours surrounding the stars that have been mapped, as well as those seen around galaxies, remain unexplained in the minds of those who hold to a consensus viewpoint. In the theoretical pool of knowledge from which they draw, there are no electrical entities to provide the source for that magnetism. Instead, "star formation reducing turbulent energy," "gas ejection," and "how fast ordered magnetic fields arise from random ones" are discussed. No electromagnetism, no e-fields, and no motor-generator effects are included in their calculations. Magnetic fields in space can be detected more easily than electric currents, so modern astronomers think that the fields are "primordial" fragments left over from the Big Bang. They rely on that conclusion to explain how the structures that make up the Universe were formed. The fact that moving charges constitute an electric current that can generate magnetic fields has been known since the days of Michael Faraday. However, a lack of knowledge often means a lack of vision. As previously stated, moving charged particles constitute an electric current, and that current is wrapped in a magnetic field. When more charged particles accelerate in the same direction, the field gets stronger. That is a familiar idea to electrical engineers, but when astronomers find moving charges in space they are mystified and refer to them as "winds," or "shock waves." Something else not considered when researchers attempt to explain structure in the Universe is that for charged particles to move, they must move in a circuit. Energetic events cannot be explained by local conditions, alone. The effects of an entire circuit must be considered. For that reason, while the consensus scientific worldview only permits isolated "islands" in space, the Electric Universe emphasizes connectivity with an electrically active network of "transmission lines" composed of Birkeland current filaments. Filaments expand and explode, throwing off plasma that can accelerate to near light-speed. Jets from opposite poles of a galaxy end in energetic clouds emitting X-ray frequencies. These phenomena are based in plasma science and not gas kinetics, gravity, or particle physics. Astrophysicists see magnetic fields but not the underlying electricity, so they are at a loss to explain them. Astronomers maintain that galaxies are clouds of hydrogen gas and intergalactic dust that were assembled by gravity until they coalesced into glowing thermonuclear fires. The conventional community also proposes that most galaxies contain black holes of unbelievable magnitude. It is those “gravitational point sources” that cause the galaxies to spin, jets of gamma and X-rays that span thousands of light-years to appear, as well as “radio lobes” sometimes larger than the parent galaxy to form. The Electric Universe theory does not adhere to the idea of galaxies condensing out of cold, inert hydrogen and specks of zircon no bigger than a molecule. So, what are galaxies? In 1981, Hannes Alfvén said that galaxies are much like one of Michael Faraday's inventions, the homopolar motor. A homopolar motor is driven by magnetic fields induced in a circular conducting plate. The plate is mounted between the poles of an electromagnet, causing it to spin at a rate proportional to the input current. Galaxies move within a filamentary circuit of electricity that flows through the cosmos from beginning to end. We see the effects of those electromagnetic fields that permeate space. Electricity organizes itself within masses of plasma sometimes larger than galaxy clusters. That plasma is primarily composed of neutral atoms, but free electrons, protons and other charged particles are also present. Primal electrical energy is orders of magnitude more powerful than gravity. The “plasma ropes” that comprise Birkeland currents attract one another over distance in a linear relationship, so Birkeland currents are the most powerful long-range attractors in the Universe. Electric currents flowing through dusty plasma sustain the magnetic fields detected in stars and galaxies. Stephen Smith 8th april 2010 |
aether User ID: 940417 United Kingdom 04/12/2010 02:28 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. this pdf was written for you xenus Since thermal decomposition breaks interatomic bonds before ionizing, most terrestrial plasmas begin as gases. In fact, a plasma is sometimes defined as a gas that is sufficiently ionized to exhibit plasma-like behaviour. Note that plasma- like behaviour ensues after a remarkably small fraction of the gas has undergone ionization. Thus, fractionally ionized gases exhibit most of the exotic phenomena characteristic of fully ionized gases. [link to farside.ph.utexas.edu] i find that interesting |
aether User ID: 944125 United Kingdom 04/16/2010 07:18 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. crop circle [link to i60.photobucket.com] sun spot [link to i60.photobucket.com] Consider this, That every atom of what We call the atmosphere is akin to a tiny planet, and it has it's own FIELD about it, that field has polarity and equator, then consider variable fields around this planet similer to the picture of the sun spot above, these then cause attraction and repulsion of every atom, this leads to vortex areas of opposite spin and all the atoms respond, hence the wind. Many people say that the crops flattenings are just the wind, but they never consider what is causing the wind, hence they miss the symbiotic relationship that every action and reaction is involved in. The vortex's are scalar, and have multiple tiny such vortexs discharging and imploding in/out of the earth, and they are followable with dowsing rods, especially the carbon fibre type I make. The geology under the crops and water content is also symbiotic to all of this, as the hydrogen is the greatest carrier of plasma. |
Smilin' Irish Eyes
User ID: 656642 United States 04/16/2010 10:56 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. Terrestrial atmospheric effects induced by counterstreaming dense interstellar cloud material Quoting: Xenus A. Yeghikyan1 - H. Fahr2 1 - Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, 378433, Byurakan, Armenia 2 - Institute of Astrophysics and Extraterrestrial Research (IAER), University of Bonn, Auf dem Huegel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany Received 15 April 2004 / Accepted 26 May 2004 Abstract The Solar System during its life has travelled more than 10 times through dense interstellar clouds with particle concentrations of 102-103 and more, compressing the heliosphere to heliopause dimensions smaller than 1 AU and thus bringing the Earth in immediate contact with the interstellar matter. For cloud concentrations greater than of 102 , the flowing interstellar material even at the Earth`s orbit remains completely shielded from solar wind protons and would only be subject to solar photoionization processes. We have developed a 2D-two-fluid gas-dynamical numerical code to describe the hydrodynamical behavior of the incoming interstellar gas near the Earth, taking into account both the photoionization and the gravity of the Sun. As we show, the resulting strongly increased neutral hydrogen fluxes ranging from 109 to 1011 cause substantial changes in the terrestrial atmosphere. During the phase of the immersion into the cloud the resulting flux of neutral hydrogen incident on the terrestrial atmosphere in the steady state would be balanced by the upward escape flux of H-atoms and the downward flux of water molecules, which is the product of the atmospheric hydrogen-oxygen chemistry via even-odd reaction schemes. In that case hydrogen acts as a chemical agent to remove oxygen atoms and to cause ozone concentration reductions above 50 km by a factor of 1.5 at the stratopause to about a factor of 1000 and more at the mesopause. Thus, depending on the specific encounter parameters the high mixing ratio of hydrogen in the Earth's atmosphere may substantially decrease the ozone concentration in the mesosphere and may trigger an ice age of relatively long duration. 1 Introduction From time to time, the Solar System on its galactic itinerary encounters various galactic objects, e.g. spiral arms (Leitch & Vasisht 1998; Shaviv 2003), star clusters and associations (Innanen 1996), galactic diffuse clouds (H I) and giant molecular clouds (GMC) (Talbot & Newman 1977), etc. Although all encounter probabilities are finite, only a few of them are high enough to make it worthwhile to consider them...... [link to www.aanda.org] So basically if the heliosphere shrinks so much that we're no longer inside of it then it will rain biblically followed by another ice age. this is what the clever thinkers say today: Quoting: aether 934322I strongly suspect we are in the midst of the wolf-gleissberg 80-120 year minima hiccup in solar activity and we are going to see Chile repeated in North America within ~12 days of the commencement of the event. A simple matter of days will tell the tale. 7th april 2010 not sure if they know it`s started or not, i don`t believe they do we will see I just wanted to take this opportunity to thank both of you for all the information you find and your wonderful explanations. There are some who are taking credit for your work, but I know from whom that person is gathering information. Again, just wanted to give both of you, Aether and Xenus, encouragement and appreciation. Common sense in an uncommon degree is what the world calls wisdom. -- Samuel Taylor Coleridge In seeking wisdom thou art wise; in imagining that thou hast attained it - thou art a fool. -- Lord Chesterfield |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 869756 Australia 04/20/2010 04:48 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Xenus
User ID: 869756 Australia 04/20/2010 07:32 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. I can post again... Thanks for your interest and sorry for the lack of updates due to a random ban. (PhysOrg.com) -- “For the first time, fields of study relating both to cold atoms and to the nanoscale have intersected,” Lene Vestergaard Hau tells PhysOrg.com. “Even though both have been active areas of research, cold atoms have not been brought together with nanoscale structures at the single nanometer level. This is a totally new system.” Hau is the Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Harvard University. Along with colleague J.A. Golovchenko, and graduate students Anne Goodsell and Trygve Ristroph, who are in her lab at Harvard, Hau was able to set up an experiment that allows for the observation of capture and field ionization of cold atoms. Their work can be found in Physical Review Letters: “Field Ionization of Cold Atoms near the Wall of a Single Carbon Nanotube.” “What we observed has a number of interesting fundamental and practical implications,” Hau says. “We even compare the effects to those of a black hole.” She is quick to point out, though, that the atomic scale black hole effect is not gravitational. “It’s an effect created by an electric field, that creates a singular pull on an atom and ultimately rips it apart. Those dynamics have similarities to what happens in a black hole.” In order to create the effect, Hau and her team grew a single-walled carbon nanotube in their lab. The nanotube was long — 10 microns — and freely suspended. The nanotube was also charged up to 300 volts, a highly unusual situation for a nanotube. Cold atoms were then introduced into the vacuum chamber holding the nanotube. “We launched a cold atom cloud toward the nanotube, and because of its charge, atoms were sucked in and captured,” Hau explains. Once captured, an atom begins on a spiraling path, orbiting more and more rapidly, until it is ripped apart very close to the nanotube. The electron is sucked in, and a positive ion is shot off at a high energy. This ion is detected when it is ejected by the nanotube. “When the electron is pulled in, it goes through a tunneling process,” Hau explains. “It has to go through areas that are classically forbidden. The process is quantum mechanical. We can observe the interaction of the atom and the nanotube as the electron is trying to tunnel, and this offers us a chance to peek at some of the interesting dynamics that happen at the nanoscale.” Another possibility is that this combination of cold atoms with nanoscale structures could lead to new states of matter. “Since we now know how to suck atoms into orbit at such high spin rates, it could lead to a new state of cold-atomic matter that could be super interesting to study,” Hau points out. Practically, this new system has potential as well. “We could make very sensitive detectors,” Hau says. “Things like ‘atom sniffers’ that detect trace gases could be an application for this work. Additionally, the possibility of single nanometer precision means super high spatial resolution. This system could be used in interferometers — interferometers built on a single chip and based on cold atoms, which would be of importance for navigation, for example.” For now, though, Hau and her group are focusing on refining their technique. “We want to pursue both the fundamental aspect of creating new cold-matter states, and the development of sensitive detectors. This is something really new, and it has the potential to be developed into practical applications.” [link to www.physorg.com] Detection of extraordinary large bio-magnetic field strength from human hand during external Qi emission. Seto A, Kusaka C, Nakazato S, Huang WR, Sato T, Hisamitsu T, Takeshige C. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan. Abstract It is generally accepted that more than 10(-6) gauss order magnetism was not detected in normal human condition. However, we detected 10(-3) gauss (mGauss) order bio-magnetic field strength from the palm in special persons who emitted External Qi ("Chi" or "Ki"). This detection was possible by special arranged magnetic field detection system, consisted of a pair of 2 identical coils with 80,000 turns and a high sensitivity amplifier. Each of the coils were rolled 80,000 turns accurately, and were connected in series in opposite direction, actuating as a gradiometer. We measure bio-magnetic field strength in 37 subjects with this detection system. The only 3 subjects of them exhibited strong bio-magnetic field of 2 to 4 mGauss in frequency range of 4 to 10 Hz. This magnetic field strength was greater than that of normal human bio-magnetism by 1,000 times at least. A simultaneous measurement of bio-magnetic field strength and its corresponding bio-electric current was examined in one subject. During exhibiting such strong bio-magnetism, its corresponding electric current was not detectable. Therefore, the extra-ordinary large bio-magnetic field strength can not derive from internal body current alone, hence the origin of the large bio-magnetism is still unknown. We suppose that the extraordinary large bio-magnetic field strength might be originated from "Qi" energy in the oriental medicine or in the oriental traditional philosophy. [link to www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] |
Xenus
User ID: 869756 Australia 04/23/2010 12:41 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Re: Petroglyphs, not just simple, crude drawings from ancient man. The truth is stranger then you could ever imagine. Cosmic rays are also a plasma. I forgot I had this bookmarked. Interesting stuff. Cause of increased auroral activity and atmospheric phenomena? Awesome information on this page. Cosmic Rays, Energetic Particles, and Plasma [link to helios.gsfc.nasa.gov] Light From Cosmic Rays? Several frames from different space-based cameras have shown thin, colored streaks of light. Was this due to cosmic rays? You cannot see cosmic rays this way. A cosmic ray particle - most of which are protons - can only produce light by colliding with molecules in the atmosphere and exciting them. Such a collision would produce much too weak a signal to be seen like this. Very sensitive photodetectors (called photomultipliers) are used to measure these type of light levels from cosmic rays, and they need large area mirrors to focus the light onto them. You can see cosmic ray particles if you use a very thick, sensitive type of film (which we call an emulsion). However, in this case, you do not record a streak of light. The particles you detect are the ones that penetrate through the emulsion causing chemical reactions. These are seen as dark tracks when the emulsions are developed. I have also read that different astronauts have claimed to have seen what they believe are cosmic rays when they closed their eyes. These were as brief bursts of light. Is this true? The light astronauts may see when they close their eyes is caused by cosmic rays - but it's produced via a mechanism known as Cherenkov radiation. The particles actually produce the light inside the eyeball. Charged Particles at the Earth's Surface Where can I find the flux and energy distribution of neutrons and charged particles at the Earth's surface? Actually very few charged particles in cosmic rays reach the Earth directly --most of the particles are either deflected by the Earth's magnetic field or interact with the air molecules in our atmosphere. We do monitor the secondary distribution of particles that are produced in the ensuing air showers from cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. These measurements are accomplished with neutron monitors which are located all over the world. An excellent place to learn more about neutron monitors and even get data is at the Space Physics Data Facility website. The cosmic ray composition is roughly 89% protons and 10% helium, and the remaining 1% is in the form of heavier nuclei. In addition, 1% of cosmic rays are electrons. Most Abundant Elements in Cosmic Rays What are the 10 most abundant elements that make up the cosmic ray ions found in Earth orbit? To a very good extent, the abundance of cosmic rays is the same as the abundance in the universe as a whole. So the 10 most abundant elements (in order from most abundant down) are hydrogen, helium, oxygen, carbon, neon, nitrogen, magnesium, silicon, iron, and sulfur. More cosmic rays = more atmospheric "interaction". |